Bryon, I recall an inquiry or perhaps a statement regarding the interpretation of "Per Deum Et Ferrum Obtinui" being posted not too long ago...after considering your rapid response, my question still remains. Should you recall that interpretation or perhaps have it within your extensive website, I wouldn't object to you forwarding it to me. To enhance your offered wisdom, perhaps the website of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc., one of which I have only a bookmark connection, may be enlightening to others. It has been educating for me and may be found for those whom choose, at the SCA Armorial ... http://sca.uwaterloo.ca/heraldry/OandA/ Oh! Yes, I'm sure there are other heraldic primers available to all and my absence of their reference is made with no offense. With best wishes, I remain. David Hill