With all respect for Toynbee, who became one of Britain's foremost intellectual historians , you may want note that both books you mention (the second has the title Belgian Deportations) were published in 1917 while the war was still in progress and well before passions had time to cool. I can suggest equally scholarly and much more recent work on both subjects. LGS ************************************** See what's free at http://www.aol.com.