I'm working on a list of all the German states bef. 1806 which lists ruling families, associated estates, their status after 1648 Treat of Westphalia, etc. etc. . I've gotten as far as "S" but thought some of you who fall between "A" and "P" might find some data of interest. Before 1806 the German states were grouped into two groups, Protestant and Catholic which was under the Holy Roman Empire. The two rival families of power were the Hohenzollerns who were Lutherans and the Hapsburgs who were Catholic. The Hapsburgs had been Emp. of the Holy Roman Empire and held political and social power over most of the German states for a long time. Napoleon discontinued the Holy Roman Empire and boundaries and ruling families changed.... Then after Napoleon's defeat boundaries and ruling families changed, again..... Because the German history is so complex with it's states, estates, church grounds, etc. etc. , sometimes when doing family history one can get confused because one record might read a village is in Bavaria and another record might read the same village is in Palatinate, also, called Pfalz..... I haven't had time to plow through the many typo errors so, please, be nice and do not get upset, however, do let me know of my errors... :>). German Facts start on this page: http://www.remmick.org/Remmick.German.Facts/ A to R starts on this page: http://www.remmick.org/Remmick.German.Facts/PageA.html Happy hunting. [email protected] P.S. Still working on my Beet Farm Pages so please, be patient on that project, I'll get back to all of you, soon.