Aida - You may want to check your details concerning Wallenstein's murder and his place in the Thirty Years' War. I have two sources which place his death at 25 February 1634, not 1643. This is important because the war was only about halfway over and continued for another fourteen years after he died. It is true, however, that his death began the final phase of the war in which the focus moved to the struggle to control the Rhine and the disintegration of Spanish power. Following these two periods there was a prolonged peace conference during which fighting continued. In addition, there is at least one other version of Wallenstein's murder. C.V. Wedgwood in her classic The Thirty Years War, wrote that Wallenstein began to exhibit odd behaviors. "He would have no officers come into his room in jingling spurs, he would have straw laid in the neighbouring streets to mute the rattle of wheels on cobbles, he killed the dogs, cats and cocks wherever he lodged, he had a servant hanged for waking him in the night, he kept special bravos for the immediate chastisement of visitors who talked too loudly." (p. 337) Wedgwood describes the actual murder as follows: "Butler's dragoons rushed the doors while the traitors sat at dinner and overpowered them almost at once. Trcka alone, immensely strong, fought his way out into the courtyard. There he was met by a group of musketeers who challenged him for the password. 'Sankt Jakob,' he called. It was the word Wallenstein had given. 'House of Austria,' they out-shouted him, and battered him down with the butt ends of their muskets, until one of them gave him the coup de grace with a dagger. An Englishman, Captain Devereux dispatched Wallenstein. Breaking into his lodgings with a few companions, he kicked open the bedroom door to find him undefended. Wallenstein was at the window; turning he faced his murderers, stumbled forward, moaned something which might have been a cry for quarter and fell transfixed. A huge Irishman picked up the crumpled body and tried to throw it out of the window, but Devereux, with some remnant of decency,! stopped him and hastily rolled the corpse in the bloodstained carpet on which it had fallen." Quoting from page 136 of Poyntz' Historia delle Guerre (1643), "Presently (they) drew him out by the heels, his head knocking upon every stair, all bloody, and threw him in a coach and carried him to the castle where the rest lay naked close together and there he had the superior place of them, being the right hand file, which they could not do less, being so great a general." (pp. 349-350) My other source, which confirms the date of Wallenstein's murder but does not detail his death, is The Thirty Years' War by Geoffrey Parker, (1984, 1987 Military Heritage Press, NY). In another, more romanticized version which I have somewhere else, Wallenstein is pictured as bravely baring his chest to his attackers inviting them to do their job. Bob Ullman ullman@easystreet.com ----- Original Message ----- From: aida kraus To: GERMAN-BOHEMIAN-L@rootsweb.com Sent: Sunday, March 12, 2006 1:48 PM Subject: Defenestration The first defenestration was during the Hussite wars in 1419 at Prague , and the second is the "famous one" which started the 30 years war (1618-1648) when they booted 7 members of the council out of the Hradschin's window. The end of this religious war was Wallenstein's assassination at Eger in 1643 which lead to the Westphalian peace 1648. Wallenstein was assassinated by his own Catholics because they misunderstood his efforts for peace between the warring parties as treason. After so many years of religious war there were not many inhabitants left. To assassinate Wallenstein, they killed his officers at a banquet and this was done by Catholic Scotsmen Leslie, Butler and Gordon who fought on the side of the German Kaiser. Wallenstein himself was run through with a spear while he was asleep in his bed by a Frenchman named Deveroux on the orders of the German Kaiser for whom Wallenstein had fought battles for 25 years. If you travel to Eger you can visit the ol! d ! rooms where this happened. The last defenestration was of Jan Mazaryk, the son of the first president of Czechoslovakia Thomas Mazaryk in 1948. If you are interested read this link below. Aida http://www.iup.edu/politicalscience/courses/ps101/d-westph.htm ______________________________

There are many version, one is even a famous stage play by Friedrich Schiller who does not have it right either! But 1634 and 1643 may be a transposition. It is a fact that Wallenstein's death was the trigger to the Westphalian Peace and that was in 1648!! Perhaps a descendant of Wallenstein (one of which is a famous developer of new condominiums at Marienbad) is reading this and could enlighten us? Aida ----- Original Message ----- From: "Bob Ullman" <ullman@easystreet.com> To: <GERMAN-BOHEMIAN-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Monday, March 13, 2006 12:52 PM Subject: [GERMAN-BOHEMIAN] Re: Defenestration > Aida - > > You may want to check your details concerning Wallenstein's murder and his > place in the Thirty Years' War. I have two sources which place his death > at 25 February 1634, not 1643. This is important because the war was only > about halfway over and continued for another fourteen years after he died. > It is true, however, that his death began the final phase of the war in > which the focus moved to the struggle to control the Rhine and the > disintegration of Spanish power. Following these two periods there was a > prolonged peace conference during which fighting continued. > > In addition, there is at least one other version of Wallenstein's murder. > C.V. Wedgwood in her classic The Thirty Years War, wrote that Wallenstein > began to exhibit odd behaviors. "He would have no officers come into his > room in jingling spurs, he would have straw laid in the neighbouring > streets to mute the rattle of wheels on cobbles, he killed the dogs, cats > and cocks wherever he lodged, he had a servant hanged for waking him in > the night, he kept special bravos for the immediate chastisement of > visitors who talked too loudly." (p. 337) > > Wedgwood describes the actual murder as follows: "Butler's dragoons > rushed the doors while the traitors sat at dinner and overpowered them > almost at once. Trcka alone, immensely strong, fought his way out into > the courtyard. There he was met by a group of musketeers who challenged > him for the password. 'Sankt Jakob,' he called. It was the word > Wallenstein had given. 'House of Austria,' they out-shouted him, and > battered him down with the butt ends of their muskets, until one of them > gave him the coup de grace with a dagger. An Englishman, Captain Devereux > dispatched Wallenstein. Breaking into his lodgings with a few companions, > he kicked open the bedroom door to find him undefended. Wallenstein was > at the window; turning he faced his murderers, stumbled forward, moaned > something which might have been a cry for quarter and fell transfixed. A > huge Irishman picked up the crumpled body and tried to throw it out of the > window, but Devereux, with some remnant of decency,! > stopped him and hastily rolled the corpse in the bloodstained carpet on > which it had fallen." Quoting from page 136 of Poyntz' Historia delle > Guerre (1643), "Presently (they) drew him out by the heels, his head > knocking upon every stair, all bloody, and threw him in a coach and > carried him to the castle where the rest lay naked close together and > there he had the superior place of them, being the right hand file, which > they could not do less, being so great a general." (pp. 349-350) > > My other source, which confirms the date of Wallenstein's murder but does > not detail his death, is The Thirty Years' War by Geoffrey Parker, (1984, > 1987 Military Heritage Press, NY). > > In another, more romanticized version which I have somewhere else, > Wallenstein is pictured as bravely baring his chest to his attackers > inviting them to do their job. > > Bob Ullman > ullman@easystreet.com > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: aida kraus > To: GERMAN-BOHEMIAN-L@rootsweb.com > Sent: Sunday, March 12, 2006 1:48 PM > Subject: Defenestration > > > The first defenestration was during the Hussite wars in 1419 at Prague , > and the second is the "famous one" which started the 30 years war > (1618-1648) when they booted 7 members of the council out of the > Hradschin's window. The end of this religious war was Wallenstein's > assassination at Eger in 1643 which lead to the Westphalian peace 1648. > Wallenstein was assassinated by his own Catholics because they > misunderstood his efforts for peace between the warring parties as > treason. After so many years of religious war there were not many > inhabitants left. To assassinate Wallenstein, they killed his officers > at a banquet and this was done by Catholic Scotsmen Leslie, Butler and > Gordon who fought on the side of the German Kaiser. Wallenstein himself > was run through with a spear while he was asleep in his bed by a Frenchman > named Deveroux on the orders of the German Kaiser for whom Wallenstein had > fought battles for 25 years. If you travel to Eger you can visit the > ol! > d ! > rooms where this happened. The last defenestration was of Jan Mazaryk, > the son of the first president of Czechoslovakia Thomas Mazaryk in 1948. > If you are interested read this link below. Aida > http://www.iup.edu/politicalscience/courses/ps101/d-westph.htm > > ______________________________ > > > ==== GERMAN-BOHEMIAN Mailing List ==== > Forgotten how to UNSUBSCRIBE? > Visit http://www.rootsweb.com/~gbhs/mailinglist/mailinglist.html >