> Aida Kraus, much thanks for the information you've provided. It has been very instructive. I've also been interested in finding out how long by ancestors have been in Sch�nbach (Zdislava) as an example. When and from where did these Germans/Austrians come from?Some of my research, or should I say my researcher in the Czech Republic, has me pushing 1700. Furthermore the Urbarium of the area has me curious, but I suspect I will have to go to Leitmeritz to view them. Finally, the name is Schmahal, or Schmakal, from Benesov (Beneschau). It is the only Czech influence in my family tree. Thanks again Norbert Sopolsky Citrus Heights, CA > > > > > ==== GERMAN-BOHEMIAN Mailing List ==== > Would you like to see messages that were posted before you joined the list? To browse the archives, go to: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/GERMAN-BOHEMIAN-L/ >