OGS conference in Toldeo is in ten days. Ohio Death Certificates Again this year, the Ohio Historical Society will be bringing its Ohio death certificates for viewing and copying. Death certificates from 20 December 1908 to 1953 will be available, as well as ceritifcates for stillborns from 1918-1953. To expedite the process, it will be helpful to have certificate numbers ready. An online index from 1913-1944 can be found on the OHS web site at www.ohiohistory.org/dindex. Go to the Ohio Genealogical Society website for the conference program. http://www.ogs.org/2006conf.php One of the speakers, Jana Broglin, has published some transcripts of US records that may interest members interested in the Lucas County, Ohio, area or in various parts of Kentucky. http://home.toltbbs.net/jsbroglin/Publications.htm John T Humphreys, another speaker who is expert on Pennsylvania ancestors and where they migrated has published a lot of books and articles that include: Mr. Humphrey's principal genealogical publications include the fourteen-volume set of Pennsylvania Births that list more than 170,000 recorded births in eleven eastern Pennsylvania counties, a two-volume family history titled Early Families of Northampton County, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Gravestones, Northampton County and the critically acclaimed Understanding and Using Baptismal Records. Articles from John T. Humphrey: Life in Mid-Eighteenth Century Pennsylvania To find publication by any of the speakers whose subject is of interest just search the Internet with the speaker's name. Karen

Hello, I am searching for siblings of my great-grandparents, George Aschenbrenner (b 1850) and Monika Bredl (Bradle) who were born in 1850 and 1855 respectively in Markt Eisenstein in Bohemia, on the Bavarian-Bohemian border. They immigrated to the United States in 1877. George and Monika first settled in Hamburg, Wisconsin and later in Stetsonville, WI. George's parents were Andreas Aschenbrenner (born June 11, 1802 in Markt Eisenstein) and Katharina Artmann (born abt 1808 in Markt Eisenstein). Monika's parents were Michael Bredl (born July 19, 1808 in Markt Eisenstein) and Franziska Rohrbacher (born April 8, 1817 in Panzer, nr. Markt Eisenstein). I suspect siblings or other family members may have immigrated as well, although I have found no confirmation to date. I am sure that the records listing the children of Andreas and Katharina Aschenbrenner, as well as Michael and Franziska Bredl, are in the Pilsen Archives in the Czech Republic. However, these records are difficult! and expensive to come by. Does anyone have this information? The parish records for Markt Eisenstein, available on microfische through the LDS Family History Center, only go up to 1808. Thanks for any assistance! Susan

In a message dated 4/13/2006 10:35:44 AM Mountain Standard Time, willthon@msn.com writes: ello List, I need some help. My Aunt has been hospitalized in the Rodenkirchen/Köln, Germany area. She is the last of my late-wifes relatives. Does anyone have English speaking contacts in the Köln area that I can contact to discuss locating her??? Thanks for your help, Bill Thoendel Nebraska --------------------------------- Bill, I did a search with: Rodenkirchen-Köln Spital and got a number of hits. There were two hospital names that came up with a Saint's name. St. Willibrordus-Spital, Emmerich Spital zu St. Pantaleon There is also the : KANTONSSPITAL That may give you something to search in the German white pages. You might also search the German yellow pages.

Hello, Bill - Try http://www.stadt-koeln.de/thema_gesundheit/kliniken/index.html The page lists all the hospitals in the Koeln area together with their URLS. Try those pages, look for a listing for "Hospiz" and find its email address. Ask them in English about your aunt. Almost all educated people in Germany know English from school due to the long occupation after WWII. Good luck! Elfriede (Canada) ----- Original Message ----- From: <KarenHob@aol.com> To: <GERMAN-BOHEMIAN-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Sunday, April 16, 2006 11:41 AM Subject: Re: [GERMAN-BOHEMIAN] Rodenkirchen/Köln > In a message dated 4/13/2006 10:35:44 AM Mountain Standard Time, > willthon@msn.com writes: > ello List, > I need some help. > My Aunt has been hospitalized in the Rodenkirchen/Köln, Germany area. > She is the last of my late-wifes relatives. > Does anyone have English speaking contacts in the Köln area that I can > contact to discuss locating her??? > Thanks for your help, > Bill Thoendel > Nebraska > --------------------------------- > > Bill, > > I did a search with: Rodenkirchen-Köln Spital and got a number of hits. > There were two hospital names that came up with a Saint's name. > St. Willibrordus-Spital, Emmerich > Spital zu St. Pantaleon > There is also the : KANTONSSPITAL > > That may give you something to search in the German white pages. > You might also search the German yellow pages. > > > ==== GERMAN-BOHEMIAN Mailing List ==== > Would you like to see messages that were posted before you joined the > list? To search the archives, go to: > http://listsearches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl?list=GERMAN-BOHEMIAN > > > > -- > Internal Virus Database is out-of-date. > Checked by AVG Anti-Virus. > Version: 7.0.344 / Virus Database: 267.12.1/135 - Release Date: 10/15/2005 > >

My ancecestors Joseph Werner and his wife Anna Lang crossed the Atlantic from Bremen to New York with their four children aboard the steamship Weser, arriving in New York harbor on April 20, 1868. Ship manifest indicates their place of origin as Bohemia. Joseph was born on December 22, 1827 and died April 17, 1885, being buried at Holy Angels Cemetery in the neighboring town of Darboy in Calumet County, his name transcribed in the 2001 Darboy Sesquicentennial book. The 1870 census for Buchanan, Outagamie County lists Joseph as a farmer, age 45, Anna, age 40, Andreas, age 14, Anton, age 12, Barbara, age 9, and Theresia, age 8. The 1880 census lists all as being born in Bohemia, as well as both sets of grandparents. Andreas (Andrew) Werner apparently settled in Oregon and we have no information on whether he ever was married or not. This will serve to update prior posts on the subject. I still do not know the town in Bohemia where they lived. Happy Easter everyone. Michael O'Hearn __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

In a message dated 4/12/2006 6:02:13 PM Mountain Standard Time, kurtmccrary@yahoo.com writes: Actually I am looking for the village in Moravia where George and Franz PROHASZKA came from? The Donauschwaben/Danube Schwabians Genealogy group can probably help you more. They may have an index of surnames. The Banat Batschka group also has been publishing on line church records for some of their villages. I would look at websites associated with both those groups if you have not yet done that. If there is no data about your specific ancestor you should consider that he probably arrived with others from the same place. If there are other surnames with Moravian ancestors in the Hungarian village where he settled you should start to look for him in the same area where those people originated.. Karen

This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_008E_01C65FAA.3284C980 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=original Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit To all you Bohemians: Here is my success story! I have recently returned from a remarkable visit to northwestern Iowa (St. Joseph) and New Ulm, MN areas. After many years of putting my family tree together, the Bohemian connection was the most difficult. Now I have completed the connection of two Prokosch lines from the New Ulm area, that I suspected had to be related. They are!! It took me to Trohatin, Schilligkau, and Muttersdorf. We walked several cemeteries, and saw many names that I thought might be related, but didn't know when I was there. Now I have them connected! Lots of data entry into my Family Tree Maker software, but it was worth the travel time, costs, visits with relatives, and non-relatives, farms, libraries (Darla, it was nice to meet with you, and a relative!), and New Ulm, such a clean town, just like the old country! If I can share any data with any of you, now that I have it the software, it will be easy to give you some names of your relatives, that I have for you. Contact me off list please. Isn't this work fun and exciting? Especially, when after years of work, you finally can put it all together, and meet many of your relatives, that you would never have known about. It makes it all worth it, many times over, and the thrill of accomplishment, outweighs anything you have to put into it. Bob, Karen, and Darla, I want to thank you all, in the early stages of my research, to point me in the right direction. Keep up your good work, in helping all of those interested in finding their ROOTS! Jack Knott Phone: 314-265-7778 Fax: 636-352-0181 jknott41@sbcglobal.net ------=_NextPart_000_008E_01C65FAA.3284C980 Content-Type: text/x-vcard; name="Jack Knott.vcf" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="Jack Knott.vcf" BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:2.1 N:Knott;Jack;;L.O. FN:Jack Knott ORG:U.S. Lending TITLE:L.O. TEL;WORK;VOICE:314-265-7778 TEL;HOME;VOICE:636-946-7779 TEL;CELL;VOICE:314-265-7778 TEL;WORK;FAX:636-352-0181 TEL;HOME;FAX:636-352-0181 ADR;WORK:;314-544-1900;12430 Tesson Ferry Rd, Suite 110;Saint = Louis;MO;63128 LABEL;WORK;ENCODING=3DQUOTED-PRINTABLE:314-544-1900=3D0D=3D0A12430 = Tesson Ferry Rd, Suite 110=3D0D=3D0ASaint Louis, MO 6312=3D 8 ADR;HOME:;;1806 Glenn Abbe Ct;St. Charles;MO;63303 LABEL;HOME;ENCODING=3DQUOTED-PRINTABLE:1806 Glenn Abbe Ct=3D0D=3D0ASt. = Charles, MO 63303 EMAIL;PREF;INTERNET:jknott41@sbcglobal.net EMAIL;INTERNET:jknott41@sbcglobal.net REV:20060414T150002Z END:VCARD ------=_NextPart_000_008E_01C65FAA.3284C980--

I am researching my great-grandmother, Maria Bunt, who married Bonaventuro Bianchi in Austria bet. 1880 and 1882. The Bianchis settled in Mt Carmel, Norhtumberland County, PA. The Bianchis are my sticking point. I have death certificates and passinger list but none have a birthplace for Maria Bianchi. In the census records her birhtplace is listed as either Bohemia or Austria. Her obituary lists her as from Bohemia. Her death certificate lists her father as Lawrence Bunt. She also went by Mary. I thought Bunt might also be a German surname and that maybe she was a German-Bohemian. Maria Bunt Born: 08 Dec 1865 in: Bohemia, Austria Died: 01 Apr 1944 in: Mount Carmel, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania Burial: 05 Apr 1944 in: Saint Peter's Cemetary (aka Merriam Hill Cemetary) Father: Lawrence BUNT She, Bonaventura and their 4 eldest children arrived in the US on 1 Dec 1888 on the Noordland and list their last residence as Dudelingen (not sure of spelling I find it difficult to travel so I do most of my research via the Internet. If I can find the town or village she came from I can get the church records on microfilm from my local Family History Center. Eileen Souza Eldersburg, MD 21784

----- Original Message ----- From: "Bill's Mail" <willthon@msn.com> To: <GERMAN-BOHEMIAN-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Thursday, April 13, 2006 12:34 PM Subject: [GERMAN-BOHEMIAN] Rodenkirchen/Köln > > Hello List, > I need some help. > My Aunt has been hospitalized in the Rodenkirchen/Köln, Germany area. > She is the last of my late-wifes relatives. > Does anyone have English speaking contacts in the Köln area that I can > contact to discuss locating her??? > Thanks for your help, > Bill Thoendel > Nebraska > > > ==== GERMAN-BOHEMIAN Mailing List ==== > Would you like to see messages that were posted before you joined the list? To browse the archives, go to: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/GERMAN-BOHEMIAN-L/ >

Bll, This might be a long shot but it is what I would try. http://duesseldorf.usconsulate.gov/dusseldorf/irc/index.html -----Original Message----- From: Bill's Mail [mailto:willthon@msn.com] Sent: Thursday, April 13, 2006 9:34 AM To: GERMAN-BOHEMIAN-L@rootsweb.com Subject: [GERMAN-BOHEMIAN] Rodenkirchen/Köln Hello List, I need some help. My Aunt has been hospitalized in the Rodenkirchen/Köln, Germany area. She is the last of my late-wifes relatives. Does anyone have English speaking contacts in the Köln area that I can contact to discuss locating her??? Thanks for your help, Bill Thoendel Nebraska ==== GERMAN-BOHEMIAN Mailing List ==== Would you like to see messages that were posted before you joined the list? To browse the archives, go to: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/GERMAN-BOHEMIAN-L/

Hello List, I need some help. My Aunt has been hospitalized in the Rodenkirchen/Köln, Germany area. She is the last of my late-wifes relatives. Does anyone have English speaking contacts in the Köln area that I can contact to discuss locating her??? Thanks for your help, Bill Thoendel Nebraska

Thank you so much for helping identify the town of Chotebor. And also for instructing me where to look for military records for Joseph Schenk. Susan In a message dated 4/12/2006 1:23:28 PM Central Daylight Time, KarenHob@aol.com writes: I have heard of Chotebor, never Chatebor. In a message dated 4/12/2006 12:00:01 PM Mountain Standard Time, SocksMyCat@aol.com writes: Schenk was in the Austrian Army for 11 years and was in the campaign against Napoleon Given that Schenk served for 11 years we might assume that he served until the war was over in 1815 or that he became unfit to serve any longer at an earlier date. If the former he would have been inducted at age 17 and was discharged at age 28 in 1815. Use that to estimate birth year for starters. See Standestabellen and / or Musterlisten for the regiment recruited in the ancestral place district in the LDS film library. Find the regiment in von Wrede's history of the Austrian Infantry (seach the LDS library catalog with KEYWORD von Wrede). Von Wrede will list the Inhabers of each regiment. If you can't find records for the regiment by number then look for it under the surnames of the Inhabers for the time period of interest. Use the Inhaber name in a KEYWORD search of the catalog. Some records after about 1809 are for Bohemian Landwehr (reserve) units and they are identified by the name of the disctrict center or recruiting depot. Pilsen = Pilsener or Pilsner....i.e., look for Landwehr records 1809-1820 with a city name in them as the only Identification. The city name will not be a noun. It will be the German adjective form ending in er. The city is all of the word minus the "er". Karen

Hello Karen, Thank You for your reply. Actually I am looking for the village in Moravia where George and Franz PROHASZKA came from? My line: Stader Book: #41785 PROHASZKA (Prokoczka, Prohaczky) Georg * circa 1713, +23.4.1794 in Filipowa/Batschka, spouse Marianna NN, * circa 1732, +31.3.1796; registered Vienna June 1765, from Mähren (=Moravian) area of today's Czech Republic, to Filipova. So George is likley his father. And Franz was likley born in Mähren. See Franz in the Fillipowa Osb below: Fillipowa OSB: = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = P 368 Prohaszka Georg oo N. ... Marianna + 23.04.1794 (81J) + 31.03.1796 (64J) = = == = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = P 369 Prohaszka Franz *... um 1756 + 18.11.1791 (35J) oo 07.02.1777 (20/18J) TZ: Milla Wenzeslaus, Matuschek Matthias Wituschek Veronika *... um 1760 (2.oo Milla Georg) + 25.12.1828 (66J?) 10 Kinder: Johann * 25.03.1778 + 23.11.1781 TP: Merta Frz u Kremer Rosi Rosina * 24.09.1779 + 07.12.1798 „ „ Marianna * 28.02.1781 oo Ament Johann „ „ Franz * 07.04.1782 + 03.04.1784 „ „ Josef * 01.01.1784 oo Eschbach Theresia „ „ Franz * 29.10.1785 + 30.01.1786 „ „ Katharina * 21.01.1787 + 21.08.1787 „ „ Anna * 31.10.1788 oo Piller Georg „ „ Eva * 09.10.1790 + 10.10.1790 Nottaufe Michael * 14.09.1791 + 19.09.1791 „ „ Note Sure what you mean by "Anyone registered in Vienna would not have had connections to German Hesse unless married to a citizen of the Austrian Empire at the time they registered. Prussia and Austria were enemies and were even at war before 1780 (see 7 years war at any Internet site with that information)." My Amend asectors from north Franconia in todays "North Baden" In 1764 First went to Karlsrue to ask for permission to go to the Batschka then registered in Wien, Austria where the were given land ect to go there and farm. This was during the 2nd migration period. So I am not sure what you are saying? About the 7 year war? Also I am not sure but assume that Moravia is a German speaking area? Was it once part of the German empire? I am told that: The name Prohaska is Moravian (Procházka) and means "walk/Spaziergang", "to be on the road/auf der Wanderschaft sein", "journeymen/Wandergeselle". It also means "lazybones/Faulenzer" and is a synonym for a run away subject (entlaufener Untertan). Thank You Again best regards Kurt KarenHob@aol.com wrote: In a message dated 4/11/2006 7:09:41 PM Mountain Standard Time, kurtmccrary@yahoo.com writes: #41784 PROHASKA (Prohaczka) Andreas, * circa 1723, from Bohemia, +22.11.1767, in Mercydorf/Banat, spouse Barbara NN, registered Vienna 16.5.1763, ausgedienter soldier (=having completed his military service) to Mercydorf. --------------- The Ansiedlerakten lists should include the place where the Banat emigres lived in Bohemia or Moravia. However, I have not studied them and do not know that for sure. The death record for Andreas in 1767 in Banat does not tell us much except that some sort of registration took place in Vienna in 1763. The other two records show Bohemian/ Moravia places of residence before going to Hungary. if you find that the above notation is all the data the film contains, please post that result on the list. I can only assume that you want Prohaszka from Banat/Batshka. I am unclear about just whose father Georg might be and how that is relevant to your family tree. Anyone registered in Vienna would not have had connections to German Hesse unless married to a citizen of the Austrian Empire at the time they registered. Prussia and Austria were enemies and were even at war before 1780 (see 7 years war at any Internet site with that information). You may find more information about the surname Prohaszka in the LDS film: Grundbuchblatter Diverse. At least it will tell you where the name was still found in Moravia / Mähren after about 1740. Karen ==== GERMAN-BOHEMIAN Mailing List ==== Would you like to see messages that were posted before you joined the list? To browse the archives, go to: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/GERMAN-BOHEMIAN-L/ --------------------------------- Love cheap thrills? Enjoy PC-to-Phone calls to 30+ countries for just 2¢/min with Yahoo! Messenger with Voice.

In a message dated 4/12/2006 12:00:01 PM Mountain Standard Time, SocksMyCat@aol.com writes: Schenk was in the Austrian Army for 11 years and was in the campaign against Napoleon Given that Schenk served for 11 years we might assume that he served until the war was over in 1815 or that he became unfit to serve any longer at an earlier date. If the former he would have been inducted at age 17 and was discharged at age 28 in 1815. Use that to estimate birth year for starters. See Standestabellen and / or Musterlisten for the regiment recruited in the ancestral place district in the LDS film library. Find the regiment in von Wrede's history of the Austrian Infantry (seach the LDS library catalog with KEYWORD von Wrede). Von Wrede will list the Inhabers of each regiment. If you can't find records for the regiment by number then look for it under the surnames of the Inhabers for the time period of interest. Use the Inhaber name in a KEYWORD search of the catalog. Some records after about 1809 are for Bohemian Landwehr (reserve) units and they are identified by the name of the disctrict center or recruiting depot. Pilsen = Pilsener or Pilsner....i.e., look for Landwehr records 1809-1820 with a city name in them as the only Identification. The city name will not be a noun. It will be the German adjective form ending in er. The city is all of the word minus the "er". Karen

In a message dated 4/12/2006 12:00:01 PM Mountain Standard Time, SocksMyCat@aol.com writes: Chatebor, Bohemia I have heard of Chotebor, never Chatebor. Karen

In a message dated 4/12/2006 12:00:01 PM Mountain Standard Time, SocksMyCat@aol.com writes: Chatebor, Bohemia Try Shtetlseeker website. Karen

This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_002D_01C65E39.7B6A2AE0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=original Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit To any family that has Prokosch family members: I have just returned from a geneology research trip to the New Ulm, MN area. I struck Gold!! I have been researching my roots of the Prokosch family for quite some numbers of years, not very steadily, but from time to time. The Prokosch family came from Bohemia, in the 1860's, to the New Ulm, MN farming communities around that general area. I have found the first member of my family, and the oldest descendant member of our family, which I spent a few hours with, quite an enjoyable period, listening to stories, and visiting about the family. I found the farm they first settled on, and the farm my Knott family settled on, quite close by. There are many families that married into the Prokosch family, and I have many of those family names also. New Ulm is a beautiful and very clean town of about 13,500 people. There are many small farm villages around the town. We walked several cemeteries, and found many families of the same name. It certainly lives up to its reputation of being one of the largest immigrant settlements for Germans and Bohemians in the U.S. at that time. Our experience was amazing, and so successful, as we found the Knott family that moved south into northern Iowa, a small village called St. Joseph, currently with about 15 families, and a beautiful Catholic cemetery and church, that goes back to the mid 1860's. If I can help anyone, let me know as much as you know, as far back as you know, so I can connect you to the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd generation of the family in the New Ulm area. Everyone should have so much fun and good luck with their geneology. Jack Knott Phone: 314-265-7778 Fax: 636-352-0181 jknott41@sbcglobal.net ------=_NextPart_000_002D_01C65E39.7B6A2AE0 Content-Type: text/x-vcard; name="Jack Knott.vcf" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="Jack Knott.vcf" BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:2.1 N:Knott;Jack;;L.O. FN:Jack Knott ORG:U.S. Lending TITLE:L.O. TEL;WORK;VOICE:314-265-7778 TEL;HOME;VOICE:636-946-7779 TEL;CELL;VOICE:314-265-7778 TEL;WORK;FAX:636-352-0181 TEL;HOME;FAX:636-352-0181 ADR;WORK:;314-544-1900;12430 Tesson Ferry Rd, Suite 110;Saint = Louis;MO;63128 LABEL;WORK;ENCODING=3DQUOTED-PRINTABLE:314-544-1900=3D0D=3D0A12430 = Tesson Ferry Rd, Suite 110=3D0D=3D0ASaint Louis, MO 6312=3D 8 ADR;HOME:;;1806 Glenn Abbe Ct;St. Charles;MO;63303 LABEL;HOME;ENCODING=3DQUOTED-PRINTABLE:1806 Glenn Abbe Ct=3D0D=3D0ASt. = Charles, MO 63303 EMAIL;PREF;INTERNET:jknott41@sbcglobal.net EMAIL;INTERNET:jknott41@sbcglobal.net REV:20060412T190040Z END:VCARD ------=_NextPart_000_002D_01C65E39.7B6A2AE0--

I am trying to find the location of the town: Chatebor, Bohemia. I am researching the Schenk family from this town. Family history states that Joseph Schenk was in the Austrian Army for 11 years and was in the campaign against Napoleon. His son, Joseph Schenk owned a dye works. Any help would be appreciated. Susan

In a message dated 4/11/2006 7:09:41 PM Mountain Standard Time, kurtmccrary@yahoo.com writes: #41784 PROHASKA (Prohaczka) Andreas, * circa 1723, from Bohemia, +22.11.1767, in Mercydorf/Banat, spouse Barbara NN, registered Vienna 16.5.1763, ausgedienter soldier (=having completed his military service) to Mercydorf. --------------- The Ansiedlerakten lists should include the place where the Banat emigres lived in Bohemia or Moravia. However, I have not studied them and do not know that for sure. The death record for Andreas in 1767 in Banat does not tell us much except that some sort of registration took place in Vienna in 1763. The other two records show Bohemian/ Moravia places of residence before going to Hungary. if you find that the above notation is all the data the film contains, please post that result on the list. I can only assume that you want Prohaszka from Banat/Batshka. I am unclear about just whose father Georg might be and how that is relevant to your family tree. Anyone registered in Vienna would not have had connections to German Hesse unless married to a citizen of the Austrian Empire at the time they registered. Prussia and Austria were enemies and were even at war before 1780 (see 7 years war at any Internet site with that information). You may find more information about the surname Prohaszka in the LDS film: Grundbuchblatter Diverse. At least it will tell you where the name was still found in Moravia / Mähren after about 1740. Karen

In a message dated 4/11/2006 7:09:41 PM Mountain Standard Time, kurtmccrary@yahoo.com writes: You may be aware during the Hapsburg Migration period many families recieved land in the Banat and the Batschka. Did the people in Moravia/ Mähren imigrate to these area's? ------------- Check the film: Ansiedlerakten at the LDS library. It includes migrations to Banat / Batshka from Bohemia / Moravia. Karen