All right, all you people out there looking for your families. go to http:/www.ionet.net/~mitch1423/mitchell.htm the names start with Mitchell, alexander, Gore, Summerfield, Mulkey, Suptic, Pleasant, Settle, Rosecrans, Morris, and many, many more. If you find a connection, E-mail me and we can send a file on the name that you are looking for.The page will be revised in the next week to include over 1,000 names. Hope I can Help Larry Mitchell

-----Original Message----- From: Saffold <saffold@pineland.net> To: GEORGIA-L@rootsweb.com <GEORGIA-L@rootsweb.com> Cc: FLORIDA-L@rootsweb.com <FLORIDA-L@rootsweb.com> Date: Saturday, August 01, 1998 10:09 AM Subject: VALUABLE INFORMATION: 1790 FEDERAL CENSUS, ETC. > >"THE 1790 CENSUS: A BRIEF HISTORY" >by Loretto D. Szucs > >In March 1790, President Washington signed the first census act. >The census was first taken to determine the apportioning for >congressional representation and it is the primary reason for >taking the modern-day census. Thomas Jefferson, who was Secretary >of State at the time, sent a copy of the law to each of the 17 >U.S. marshals and instructed them to take the census. On August >2, 1790, 208 years ago Sunday, the census began. > >The Constitution that was ratified in 1787 called for a census >every 10 years of all "Persons, excluding Indians not taxed: for >the purpose of appropriating seats in the House of >Representatives and assessing direct federal taxes. Indians not >taxed were not living in the settled areas. In later years, >American Indians everywhere were considered part of the total >population, but they were not included in the apportionment >figures until 1940. > >The first census act asked the marshals to distinguish in their >counts between free white males 16 years of age or older and >those under 16. This would allow the government some measure of >the country's industrial and military potential should a war or >other uprising occur. > >Aside from putting down the names of family heads, the marshals >then were asked only to count the number of free white >females--without any age distribution--and all other free persons >regardless of race, or gender and slaves. > >>From the beginning the census law had teeth. Anyone refusing to >answer was liable to a $20 fine, to be split between the >marshals' assistants and the government. Each assistant also had >to post a copy of his census return--usually on whatever paper he >could find in two public places in his assigned area. Presumably, >everyone could see it there and call discrepancies or omissions >to the attention of those who mattered. > >In the earliest years of census taking, the enumerator's job >wasn't an especially easy one. The highest pay rate, $1 for 50 >persons barely covered expenses of buying paper and supplies and >traveling around to do the actual count. It was an especially >expensive proposition where settlers were scattered over the >countryside. > >Likewise, cooperation was often difficult to obtain from people >suspicious of any government representative and people were >especially wary of anything that might mean being taxed. > >The marshals were supposed to finish the census within 9 months >of the Census day or by May 1, 1791. Although most of the returns >were in long before the deadline, Congress had to extend it >finally until March 1, 1792. By that time some of the people who >were counted hadn't even been around in 1790, and others who were >present for the first months of the count had possibly died or >moved away. > >Nevertheless, the marshals and their assistants counted 3.9 >million people in the U.S. for 1790. > >Since there were no telephones and no reliable mail service, the >only way to gather information with any hope of accuracy was to >canvass door to door. At each dwelling he visited, the assistant >marshal was required to write down only one name--that of the >head of the house. The law defined the head as the master, >mistress, steward, overseer, or other principal person. Then, >only numbers were recorded for others in that household. > >The need to distinguish between the numbers of slaves and free >individuals was critical for compliance with another agreement >reached in the Constitutional Convention. The touchy question of >whether and how to include slaves in the census count had been >settled by an agreement called the "three-fifths compromise." >Each slave, for purposes of apportionment, was counted as >three-fifths of a whole person. The only individuals completely >exempt by law from being counted in the census were Indians who >did not live in settled areas or pay taxes. > >The census is about the only kind of record available that >connects a family as an entire unit. And the information in the >census is largely unduplicated in other records created by >various levels of government. Over the years the original purpose >of this people count has been expanded to include the gathering >of data for various statistical uses, which has progressively >increased the value of the census. > >The job of gathering census information was fraught with >obstacles and pitfalls. Besides having to buy their own paper and >pens, boundaries were rarely precise or well marked, making it >difficult for an assistant marshal to know for sure where his >geographic area of responsibility began or ended. > >We also have to remember the time period. Most of the United >States was a landscape of small villages and isolated scattered >farms. The only means of transportation was by wretched roads and >rugged terrain, sometimes only by boat, making the task nearly >impossible in some cases. > >Keep in mind that the men employed in this challenging task were >not necessarily motivated or qualified for the job--a job that >was characterized by low pay, potentially difficult working >conditions, and frequently demanding travel. Wages were terrible. >Add to that a vicious dog or household head, and the job was >pretty near impossible. > >An assistant marshal who followed the customary pattern of >seeking out families in his district might arrive at an isolated >farm after a long and difficult journey only to find no one at >home to answer his six simple questions. He then had to decide >whether to come back another day or fall back on other resources, >such as asking neighbors to find out what little they knew about >their neighbors. Or sometimes he might even have been tempted to >venture a guess at the right data. Respondents sometimes lied to >the assistant marshal, or just plainly refused to cooperate. > >Some new Americans had religious objections to complying with a >census. The Old Testament described in two different places how >King David, by ordering a count of the people of Israel, incurred >the wrath of the Lord, who sent pestilence upon Israel; and there >fell of Israel seventy thousand men. Fear of violating this >Biblical injunction against enumerating the population had been a >stumbling block during the colonial period and it continued for >years. > >Recognizing the greater problems involved in taking a headcount, >the federal government at least provided for different >compensation scales in counting the inhabitants of the >hinterland. Assistant marshals responsible for cities of 5,000 or >more were paid $1 for every 150 people counted, and those >assigned to the most remote frontier regions received a dollar >for as few as every 50 people counted. > >The 1790 census is incomplete. Schedules are missing for several >states, and counties of some states. There are some compilations >that infer that the census records for missing states and smaller >units have been reconstructed. It's a little misleading because >most of these lists have been created from tax lists. They still >have value in placing people in a place and a time, but they >shouldn't be mistaken for census records. > >Despite the inaccuracies, the census is one of the most valuable >tools available to genealogists. Being aware of these >inaccuracies can keep us from being led down the wrong path by >assuming the information is correct, and allows us to use these >records as road signs that guide us to other, more accurate >documentation. > >For more information about census records, visit "The Source" >online. The chapter on census records is at: >http://www.ancestry.com/home/source/src83.htm > >Ancestry.com has 1790 Census records for Connecticut, Delaware, >Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New >York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, >and Vermont as well as several other censuses available to >subscribers online. These records can be accessed at: >http://www.ancestry.com/ancestry/search.asp > >Other Census related sites: > >U.S. Census Bureau's Genealogy Page >http://www.census.gov/genealogy/www/ > >Census Online >http://www.census-online.com/index.html > >NARA - Clues in Census Records, 1850-1920 >http://www.nara.gov/genealogy/cenclues.html > >The Federal Population Censuses - Catalogs of NARA Microfilm >http://www.nara.gov/publications/microfilm/census/census.html > >"First in the Path of the Firemen" >The Fate of the 1890 Population Census >By Kellee Blake >http://www.nara.gov/publications/prologue/1890cen1.html > >Census Schedules and Black Genealogical Research: >One Family's Experience >http://www.colorado.edu/libraries/govpubs/debbie/cover.htm > >======================================================= > > >

-----Original Message----- From: Jacboni@aol.com <Jacboni@aol.com> To: saffold@pineland.net <saffold@pineland.net> Date: Saturday, August 01, 1998 1:23 AM Subject: Re: GenSwap-D Digest V98 #133 >subcribe Bonnie Ferguson jacboni@aol.com >

#1 jacboni How do get to GenSwap-L@rootsweb.com to use?

Hello I am looking for someone to help me with Cemeteries in Caernarvon Twp in Lancaster Co Pa. I am unfamilar with the area and I am looking for a Levi Marshall who resided in Caernarvon in 1870 with his wife Rebecca and 2 daughters Sophia Elizabeth and Lydia Ann Marshall. Know where Sophia & Lydia are buried need to locate Levi and Rebecca. Happy Hunting Carol

How does one use your Genswap-Digest Bonnie Ferguson jacboni@aol.com

text/plain

Text/plain jacboni@aol.com

text:plain

Hi! Does any one have "Family Tree Maker CD 354 - Passenger and Immigrations Lists Index," that is willing to make a couple of lookups? According to my great grandfather's obituary, he and my great-great grandfather arrived at the New York Harbor on July 4, 1871. I have never really believed that fact, since I have not had any other proof. Most of my relatives think that was just added fluff for the obituary. However, on the FTM site I have just discovered that that both of them are listed on this CD. The names are: Otto Alfred Stromquist O. A. Stromquist John Stromquist I perceive that this CD will point the way to what book(s) they are actually listed in. Any help would be gratefully appreciated. Thank you in advance for your kind attention to this matter. Sincerely, Ken Stromquist

Does anyone know where I can find the Strassberger & Hincke volumes for Germans who entered the port of Phil prior to the Rev War? and also Rupps "10,000 Germans"?? Has anyone come across this on the Web and if not, where can I find these books? Only a Genealogist regards a step backwards as "Progress" ********************************************************************* There are only two lasting bequests we can give our children---- One is roots; the other, wings. ********************************************************************* Sandi Koscak http://members.aol.com/Evilsizer3/ http://familytreemaker.com/users/k/o/s/Sandi-J-Koscak/ Researching: AVERY, BARNES, BYRN,BOARD, EVILSIZER,FOUTS, HUFF/HOUGH,LIPPINCOTT,MARTIN,NUCKOLLS,ROUNTREE, SANDERS, SCHUYLER, VAN SCHAICK, STALLIONS/STALLINGS, VAN SCHLICHTENHORST, WISE

unsbscribe

To Glenn Bristow, wherever you may be! Received a request from Glenn, but his email keeps bouncing. Sorry to bother the list, but don't know how else to contact him. THanks. Peg DavePeg@ix.netcom.com

I have updated my obits pages through July 11, 1998. I am still working on getting the births up to date. Lorie <A HREF="http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Acres/3273/">loriew's Home Page Genealogy Researh SCHWIESOW WHARTON CAINES KAWELMACHER BOOKS</A>

What helps does this site give to new beginners? Bonnie Feguson jacboni@aol.com.

I have updated my obits page through July 10, 1998. Click on the link below. If you need futher information on a person, send me an e-mail with the date of the obit and the persons name and I will send you the entire obit with printed info on family members. Lorie <A HREF="http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Acres/3273/">loriew's Home Page Genealogy Researh SCHWIESOW WHARTON CAINES KAWELMACHER BOOKS</A>

Hi! After waiting since March, receiving a certified statement that my great grandfather Franklin A. ALLISON died on the date I had listed in my inquiry, then several follow up letters to the DC Vital Statistics office informing them that I wanted the actual death certificate for which I had paid them $12.......yesterday I received the long awaited response from them! However, they sent me the wrong certificate. Wrong name, wrong death date, wrong age, etc. The certificate I received is for an Albert ALLISON from Virginia. It is difficult to read the date of death, as it appears as October 5, 1910 in one place and seems to be 1913 in another. It is also difficult to read the place of birth, appears to be Warrington(?), VA. Albert was a carpenter who died at the age of 30. His birth place, as well as that of his parents, is listed as Virginia. If anyone receiving this message feels that this might be their "Albert ALLISON", please let me know and I will send you a copy of the certificate. I am sending the original back to DC to ask them, once again, for the death certificate of Franklin A. ALLISON. Best wishes, Karima

Hi, If you have any materials, i.e. books, bibles, documents, photos, magazines, newspapers, etc. that you cannot seem to find a home for, please consider donating them to the Echoes of the Past Archive. Our mission statement gives a good indication of what we are all about: MISSION STATEMENT: To provide a facility for the storage, restoration and preservation of original historic and genealogical materials and to make them available to the public for research and documentation. WHAT ARE WE ALL ABOUT? Echoes of the Past is dedicated to contributing a useful service to researchers interested in their family history. Our main focus is on collecting, restoring, preserving, archiving, cataloging and reproducing original materials of historical or genealogical significance. We would like to be viewed as a rescue facility for these types of materials from around the world. We will accept donations of materials, grants, funds, equipment, etc. to benefit the archive and it's clients. We are in the process of obtaining our 501(c)3 non profit status. All donations will be tax deductable pending our status with the IRS. Take a look at our website for more information about us and for samples of our holdings!! The address is http://members.aol.com/echospast/home/home.htm. Thanks, Cheryl Hawley ====================================== Senior GIS Technician Microsoft NT LAN Administrator State Coordinator, Ohio Biographies Project State Coordinator, Virginia Biographies Project State Coordinator, Connecticut Tombstone Project State Coordinator, Indiana Tombstone Project State Coordinator, New York Tombstone Project State Coordinator, Ohio Tombstone Project State Coordinator, Virginia Tombstone Project County Coordinator, Champaign County, Ohio Biographies Project County Coordinator, Erie County, Ohio Biographies Project County Coordinator, Huron County, Ohio Biographies Project County Coordinaor, Patrick County, Virginia Biographies Project County Coordinator, Kosciusko County, Indiana Biographies Project County Coordinator, Kitsap County, Washington GenWeb Page Newsletter Editor, Washington State Genealogical Society President, Echoes of the Past Archive Co-Owner, New Life Enterprises Co-Owner, The Webber Group Home Page: http://members.aol.com/treehistn/home/home.htm "Glad to spend the rest of my life Climbing Trees!!!"

Anyone out there in LaRue County, Kentucky??? I need some will records from this county! In exchange, I've got access to the Arkansas archives. Thanks! Tracey Converse Genealogy Records Service The Internet's One Stop Shop for Quality Genealogy Products <http://www.genrecords.com/>http://www.genrecords.com Stop by and download our FREE genealogy forms online!!! **************************************************************************** **** Listowner of GenTips, GenChat, GenSwap, ISBELL, BROOME, COBB, CONVERSE, DAWSON, ISBELL, MAYFIELD, McCLAIN, NESBIT, RABURN, RYE **************************************************************************** ****

Hi! I need to find someone who researches out of the GA archives. I'm looking for a school record from Talbot County, GA. I know it's there somewhere! In exchange, I have access to the Arkansas achives. Thanks! Tracey Converse Genealogy Records Service The Internet's One Stop Shop for Quality Genealogy Products <http://www.genrecords.com/>http://www.genrecords.com Stop by and download our FREE genealogy forms online!!! **************************************************************************** **** Listowner of GenTips, GenChat, GenSwap, ISBELL, BROOME, COBB, CONVERSE, DAWSON, ISBELL, MAYFIELD, McCLAIN, NESBIT, RABURN, RYE **************************************************************************** ****