Max -- I've spent some time reading through your page of testimonials and part of the collection of news articles. There is no doubt that some users of DNA testers are completely satisfied with the results of their tests. Not a one of those whose stories I read, though, seem to be genealogists, and not one of the stories reported is a genealogical case study. People are oh so happy to learn that they and Fred are somehow releated, or that some distant ancestor most likely did come from a particular ethnic group. Biology might be satisfied with the confirmation that I share some part of my chemistry with any given person, but that isn't genealogy. Genealogy demands not only that I know I am likely descended from, say, James Parshall of Gardiner's Island, but that I descend from him through the chain of James-Isreal-Isreal-Isreal-David-Ira-George-Ira-Charles-George, etc. That's too high a burden to place on a DNA test, just as it is too high a burden to place on any other single source (try proving a line of descent solely from census listings, or solely from land deeds, or solely from any other tool) -- I am not asking for such a miracle when I ask you for a genealogical success story. But surely from all of your happily burbling satisfied customers, you have gathered a single genealogical case study where someone used your DNA test to prove a specific chain of descent from a given person. We constantly read on this list the case studies of how genealogists have used a given record type to solve a problem. That's what I'd like to read from you -- a single, solitary case study resulting in the solution of a genealogical puzzle, to the standards of a genealogist. Ardis Parshall AEParshall@aol.com