> I'm a little confused about cousins - once removed, twice removed. > What does that mean? Cousins are two people who have two ancestors in common. (If there's only one ancestor in common, that's called a "half cousin"). If the ancestors in common are their parents, the relationship is more commonly known as "siblings", "brothers", "sisters", or "brother and sister". Nth cousins are two people who have two ancestors in common N+1 generations back. (e.g. two people who have two grandparents in common are first cousins. Two people who have two great- grandparents in common are second cousins). 0th cousins are more commonly known as brothers/sisters. You may debate whether or not "0th cousins" really are cousins or just siblings. > I have found cousins that are related down the line to my gggf. Are > they cousins or are they removed cousins? Removed cousins are cousins. "removed" indicates that they are of different generations. Non-"removed" cousins are of the same generation. The child of your second cousin is your second cousin once removed. His child is your second cousin, twice removed. gordonb.d4xm9@burditt.org (Gordon Burditt)