I tested as R1b1c7 which, according to Family Tree, is the same as R1b1b2e and R1b1b2a2e - I don't understand it all. They are using a new designation R-M222 to refer to all these. I am kit N62804 (the N means I originally tested with National Geographic). I was refering to fostering, a practice in the first few centuries AD where children would be raised in an unrelated household, presumably to establish family links or expose the children to different living conditions. But of couse, raising another family member is akin to adoption within a family?... often done without documentation. Sometimes this was to hide a birth outside of marriage, sometimes the result of the death or disappearance of parents, sometimes for reasons known only to the parties involved. Those are the ones that frustrate us the most.? :-) Brad Wilson >>> In my own family there was fostering in the early 20th century in County? Mayo and even later. For years my cousin believed that her paternal aunt was a? twin. I thought I had confirmed it because the two girls (same age) were on the 1901 census with my cousin's grandparents. However, one of the girls died around? 1910 and I tried to find the church and civil birth records. I could find the? records of the aunt that survived but not the "aunt" that died. Only one child? was born to my cousin's grandparents when I looked at both baptism and birth? records. I also know a woman from Mayo who can't find her grandfather's birth info? even though she and her grandfather grew up on the same townland in Mayo. The? grandfather was born sometime in the 1880's and the church records began in? 1847. The civil birth records began in 1864. BTW, Brad, what is your haplogroup? My brother is R1b1b2*. Not sure about? the Celt connection or "over wintering" on the Iberian Peninsula for me.? LOL <<<