When people think of pioneers of the wild west several images come to mind; the gritty gunslinger, the uncompromising lawman, or even the wagon train families. However, there is a much different image to be had for those that really know the wild west. Imagine a gritty, cigar smoking, whiskey drinking, fist fighting, six foot tall black woman. That is the picture of the famous Stagecoach Mary Fields. She was born in 1832 in Tennessee and decided to travel out west at the age of 52. Stagecoach Mary had lived a rugged life as a slave that prepared her for the rigors of the wild west. She made her way eventually to Cascade County, Montana where she worked as a hired hand for a group of nuns She did all manner of physical chores for the sisterhood from cutting wood to picking up supplies. Her temper apparently ran her into trouble with the sisterhood when she had a gunfight with another worker. After her employment ended with the nuns she tried her hand at restaurant ownership. She was unsuccessful and finally landed the job that would make her famous. She began to deliver the mail and was so regular that she earned the name Stagecoach'. Mary Fields took her job quite seriously and allowed nothing to stand in the way of the mail delivery. She gave meaning to the postal services unofficial motto "Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds." She finally retired from the postal service in her 70's and then opened a laundry. She continued to have the same grit and supposedly decked a man for trying to cheat her out of a laundry bill. She died in 1914 after living a long and fruitful life in Cascade, Montana. Stagecoach Mary Fields was a pioneer in many ways. She was unwilling to allow the prejudices of the time to hold her back. She is an inspiration to not only African-Americans, women, but also to those of us attempting to start something new later in life. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

Clipping of the Day From the Marion Daily Star, 14 March 1888 ALL BUSINESS PARALYZED EFFECT OF THE BLINDING SNOW STORM THROUGH THE EAST Railroads Completely Blocked and Whole Trains Buried in the Snow--Passengers Shut Up in Cars for More Than Twenty-Four Hours--The Extent of the Storm New York, March 14.--The city is completely snowbound and travel is suspended. Accidents are reported from all parts of the city. The surface roads are all tied up. The elevated roads are running at regular periods. Up to 10:00 this morning business at the New York post office was suspended, the mail trains being delayed over two hours by the storm. . . . . The city presents a sight never before seen here. Everywhere drifts and wastes of snow hide pavements, street car tracks and the front steps of many business and private houses. Telegraph and telephone wires are down in all directions and communication with the outside world is almost cut off. All day no word has been received from Washington. There was but one wire west and that was via Albany. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

Received this website from one our memebers earlier in the month; sorry for the delay in posting. Thought perhaps, it may help someone find their relatives. The State of Florida's entire collection of Civil War Veteran and Widow Pension Applications is online. These are complete copies of the original filings with the State. http://dlis.dos.state.fl.us/barm/Pensionfiles.html

This was sent to me by a member of the mailing list. http://www.absolutewebaholic.com/ Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

For records in New South Wales (the original eastern part of Australia) try http://www.bdm.nsw.gov.au and go to indexes. Lois was good enough to send this one to us. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

www.virtualsalt.com/search.htm, One location for all the search engines. Thought you might want to save and share. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

Illinois has some pretty good records on line. I was all excited because many of my ancestors were from there. Unfortunately, Stephenson Co. is not very well represented. However, lots of other Bunkers are listed and lots of different databases. http://www.sos.state.il.us/departments/archives/databases.html NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION. The Archival Research Catalog (ARC) is the online catalog of NARA's nationwide holdings in the Washington, D.C. area, Regional Archives, and Presidential Libraries. ARC replaces the NARA Archival Information Locator (NAIL). You can still perform a keyword, digitized image, and location search. ARC's advanced functionalities also allow you to search by organization, person, or topic. NAIL users can search using the Former NAIL Control Number. Microfilm Publications may still be searched via the Microfilm Publications Catalog. ARC provides quick access to Guion-Miller Roll Index, Index to the Final Rolls (Dawes), World War II Army and Army Air Force Casualty List (new), and World War II Navy, Marine and Coast Guard Casualty List (new). http://www.archives.gov/research_room/arc/index.html Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

UNITED KINGDOM. RIDGEWAY MILITARY AND AVIATION RESEARCH GROUP (RMARG) is dedicated to research and preservation of all types of wartime heritage in the Oxfordshire, Berkshire, and Wiltshire areas of the UK surrounding the area known as the Ridgeway. http://home.freeuk.net/rmarg/history.htm WALES. CAYW-Wales on the Web/Cymru ar y We Bilingual subject gateway to Welsh material on the Web. http://www.walesontheweb.org/ Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

GERMANY and POLAND. Schönfeld: Nieder Schoenfeld Bilder – Evangelische Kirche und andere Bilder von Nieder Schoenfeld, Kreis Bunzlau, Germany Old photos and family history links from Schoenfeld, Kreis Bunzlau, Schlesien (Silesia). The area became part of Poland after WWII. Polish village names include: Krasnik Dolny (Niederschönfeld), Krasnik Gorny (Oberschönfeld), Stara Oleszna (Alt öels or Altöels), Buczek (Buchwald), & Boleslawiec (Bunzlau). To contact the webmaster regarding information or family links in the Nieder Schoenfeld, Ober Schoenfeld, Alt Oels, Buchwald or Kreis Bunzlau area, e-mail [email protected] or [email protected] http://www.geocities.com/dgkuhns/schoenfeldbilder.html and http://www.geocities.com/iflk/niederkirche.html Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

For those searching in Canada try http://www.ourroots.ca Much of this is in French but if you find one of your family names you can copy it and have it translated. CANADA, NEW BRUNSWICK. ACADIAN RESEARCH. Second Nation (In French and English) Since the early 1900s, a large number of Acadian descendants have left our area to find work elsewhere all over North America. We are attempting to reach as many of these as possible. 2004 will mark the 400th anniversary of the Acadian presence in North America. Acadians were the first settlers to arrive in this part of North America after the Indians or as they wish to be known, the "First Nations" people. The Acadians have been here since 1604. We use the expression "Second Nation" as the Acadians were the second group of people to establish themselves in North America. Through our genealogical database, we hope to identify those individuals and their ancestors who were born in the Acadian Peninsula in New Brunswick, Canada. Do you or your ancestors come from the Acadian Peninsula? Visit our database. http://www.secondenation.com/ Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

Reward Offered 10 December 1694 Proclamation of a reward for the apprehension, dead or alive, of the following rebels, who have fled to the mountains and other places where they "stand upon their keeping" Dermot Leary, late of Iveleary in County Cork John Murphy, alias Roe, late of Tomes in County Cork John Hurly, late of Grillagh in County Cork John Leary, alias Baroole Dermot Leary, alias Baroole, late of Ivy Leary in County Cork Dermod Sullivan, alias Skeelagh, late of Bantry in County Cork Dermod Mullain, alias Thunder Donagh Deeneen, alias Bariky, late of the Parish of Clandroghid For a more thorough list, check: http://www.genealogy-quest com/collections/wandub.html Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

Have downloaded but haven't tried it yet. Sally SOFTWARE. LIFESPAN AGE CALCULATOR "freeware" by Peter Riddell compares two dates and calculates their difference in years, months and days. Free, small (35k), and effective, Lifespan runs in any Windows or Linux under Wine. [Mac version "coming soon"] http://www.anzwers.org/free/lifespan/ Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

Carolyne's Native American Genealogy Helper - Native American genealogy how-to articles, tribal-specific NARA microfilm numbers, tribal census data and links, as well as tribal history. The author is of Cherokee ancestry and is a genealogist specializing in Native American research: http://www angelfire.com/tx/carolynegenealogy/ Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

Here are some links concerning epidemics: http://www.genealogy-quest.com/glossaries/epidemics.html http://www.usgenweb org/researchers/epidemics.html http://www.bjhughes.org/epidemic.html Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] Archives: http://listsearches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch pl?list=GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

More than likely you would need to contact a priest and get him to provide you with the particular Canon Law, that restricts marriages between two people of close relationship. Then again, you may need a priest to help with the interpretation of the law. I have had the experience of having a relative marry her 2nd cousin, but a Catholic priest refused to perform the ceremony, as it was against the law of the church for 2nd cousins to marry, yet shortly after, the married 2nd cousins were allowed to have their marriage blessed, in the catholic church. Since the priest would not perform the original marriage, a Baptist minister performed the marriage ceremony. Having said that, there seems to be confusion about the issue, in that there is also this interpretation: (1) You can't marry a "direct line" relative (parent, grandparent, child, grandchild). (2) You can't marry certain "collateral line" blood relatives (aunt, uncle, niece, nephew, first cousin). The first first four of these are called the "third degree" of collateral consanguinity. The first cousin is the "fourth degree." For the first cousin, you step from yourself (1) to a parent (2) to an aunt/uncle (3) to a first cousin (4th degree). A sibling (brother/sister or half-) is referred to as the "second degree" of collateral consanguinity.] (3) You can marry collateral line blood relatives who are further removed -- i.e., "fifth degree" or more. This would include "first cousin once removed" [a child of your first cousin], "second cousin," and so forth. Canon Law: Canon 1091 .. §1 Marriage is invalid between those related by consanguinity in all degrees of the direct line, whether ascending or descending, legitimate or natural. §2 In the collateral line, it is invalid up to the fourth degree inclusive. §3 The impediment of consanguinity is not multiplied. §4 A marriage is never to be permitted if a doubt exists as to whether the parties are related by consanguinity in any degree of the direct line, or in the second degree of the collateral line. Canon 1092 .. Affinity in any degree of the direct line invalidates marriage Canon 1094 .. Those who are legally related by reason of adoption cannot validly marry each other if their relationship is in the direct line or in the second degree of the collateral line. Canon 1078 .. §1 The local Ordinary can dispense his own subjects wherever they are residing, and all who are actually present in his territory, from all impediments of ecclesiastical law, except for those whose dispensation is reserved to the Apostolic See. . §3 A dispensation is never given from the impediment of consanguinity in the direct line or in the second degree of the collateral line. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES/ "Without genealogy, the study of history is lifeless." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

Counties no longer in existence, renamed or part of another state. Accawmack - formed as original county 1634, renamed Northampton 1642. Alexandria - ceded 1801 to District of Columbia, 1849 returned to Virginia, renamed Arlington. Bourbon - now part of state of Kentucky Charles River - formed 1634, renamed York 1842. Dunmore - 24 Mar 1772 from Frederick, renamed 12 Jan 1778 to Shenandoah Fincastle - organized 8 Apr 1772 from Botetourt, abolished 1777. Illinois - ceded to US Government 1787 (eventually State of Illinois) Kentucky - formed 7 Dec 1776, abolished 30 June 1780 when Fayette, Jefferson and Lincoln counties were formed. Now part of state of Kentucky. Lower Norfolk - formed from New Norfolk, abolished 16 May 1691 to form Norfolk and Princess Anne New Norfolk - formed 1636 from Elizabeth City County, abolished when divided into Upper and Lower Norfolk counties in 1637. Upper Norfolk - formed 1637 from Lower Norfolk, name changed to Nansemond West Virginia's counties - Barbour, Berkeley, Boone, Braxton, Brooke, Cabell Calhoun, Clay, Doddridge, Fayette, Gilmer, Grant, Greenbrier, Hampshire, Hancock, Hardy, Harrison, Hopewell, Jackson, Jefferson, Kanawah, Marion, Marshall, Mason, McDowell, Mercer, Mineral, Monongalia, Monroe, Morgan, Nicholas, Ohio, Pendleton, Pleasants, Pocahontas, Preston, Ritchie, Roane, Summers Taylor, Tyler, Upshur, Wayne, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, Wood, Wyoming Old Rappahannock - formed 1656 from Lancaster County, abolished in 1692 when it was divided into Essex and Richmond counties. Warrosquyoke - organized 1634, name changed to Isle of Wight 1637 Warwickshire - formed 1634 as original county, renamed Warwick 1642 Yohogania - formed 6 Nov 1776 from Augusta County, much of it ceded to Pennsylvania in 1786, what's left being too small to create a separate county, added to Ohio County (WV). Cities renamed, annexed or absorbed: Elizabeth City county annexed to Hampton 1952 Warwick - annexed to Newport News 1958 Virginia Beach - annexed the Princess Anne County 1963 Nansemond City merged with city of Norfolk Chesapeake, part transferred to Portsmouth 1968 Charlottesville, Clifton Forge, Galax, Harrisonburg, South Boxton, Williamsburg annexed territories from neighboring counties. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Without genealogy, the study of history is lifeless." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 . .

Gone Counties of Maryland: Charles County was created 3 Oct 1650 and discontinued 28 Sep 1653. Part of area incorporated into Calvert County. A new Charles County was created 13 Apr 1658. Present area of Howard county was originally part of Anne Arundel county. 1698 attached to Baltimore County. 1727 returned to Anne Arundel. 1838 created as Howard County. Constitutional Convention of 1850 recognized it as new county. Many records afrom 1830s and 1840s exist. Most of present area of Cecil County was attached to Kent county until 1659 then attached to Baltimore then created in 1674. Worcester (old) County was established 22 Oct 1669, laid claim to much of Delaware. By 1750 the Lords Proprietary abandoned the idea of the county. No courthouse, perhaps no government and no records existed. Later another Worcester County was formed in 1742, having no or at least very little relation to the OLD one. Patuxent County created 3 Oct 1650 and renamed Worcester (old) 22 Oct 1669. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Without genealogy, the study of history is lifeless." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

Dissolved Counties: Arapaho 30 Aug 1855 - absorbed into Finney 1883. El Paso 11 Feb 1859 and later disorganized. Fremont 11 Feb 1859, later disorganized. Broderick 11 Feb 1859, later disorganized. Buffalo 1873, disorganized 1881, land annexed to Lane County. Garfield 5 Mar 1887, annexed to Finney 1893. Hageman 26 Feb 1867, later disorganized. Howard 30 Aug 1855, reorganized into Elk and Chautauqua. Irving 27 Feb 1860, annexed to Butler 1864. Kansas 6 Mar 1873, annexed to Seward 1883. Oro 11 Feb 1859, later disorganized. Montana 11 Feb 1859, later disorganized. Peketon 27 Feb 1860, later disorganized. Otoe 27 Feb 1860, annexed to Butler 1864. Rush 26 Feb 1867, later disorganized 1883. Sequoyah 30 Aug 1855, renamed Finney 21 Feb 1883. Shelby 1865, annexed by Washington. Woodson 30 Aug 1855, had major boundary changes in 1868.

They Called Her Traitor .. American GIs talked of a Japanese radio broadcaster they knew as Tokyo Rose, and the U.S. government said the sultry voice belonged to an American citizen named Iva Toguri d'Aquino. But did it? By J. Kingston Pierce for American History Magazine Cheering and expectant crowds greeted the General Hodges, a United States Army transport vessel, when it docked at San Francisco on September 25, 1948 The ship was filled with servicemen returning home from Japan and South Korea, and they eagerly gathered at the high deck railings, waving and whistling to sweethearts and families on the sunlit quayside below. Yet before those GIs were allowed to disembark, a small, thin, Japanese-American woman, flanked by a pair of burly FBI agents, slowly descended the gangplank. As a band struck up the bouncy “California, Here I Come,” the woman—her head bowed, her pale face reflecting days of suffering from dysentery—stepped toward a waiting car. Although many of the people in the crowd knew who she was supposed to be, few found it easy to reconcile the plain and meek-looking prisoner with popular images of the World War II radio propagandist “Tokyo Rose,” the sultry-voiced siren who had allegedly done her damnedest to demoralize American troops fighting in the Pacific. The United States government, however, seemed not to harbor any such reservations. Before another year ended, it would put Iva Toguri d’Aquino on trial for treason, even though American intelligence agents had already concluded that she was not Tokyo Rose—that Tokyo Rose was, in fact, merely a creature “of rumor and legend”—and that d’Aquino’s broadcasting activities in Japan during the war had been “innocuous.” Interested?? For more info, check: http://americanhistory.about com/library/prm/blcalledhertraitor1.htm

Funeral home records are as varied as funeral homes. Location, time period, owners and many other factors play a significant role in the types and quality of records created and preserved. It's a good idea to check this underused resource when researching family members. Funeral home records can contain information about where a person died, perhaps even the cause. They often offer the names of surviving relatives, obituaries, birth information including parentage, information about military service, organizational memberships and details about religious affiliations. They can also, of course, help you find that grave you have been searching for, for years. Searching for funeral home records can be a large undertaking (no pun intended). To determine the name of the organization or individual who handled your research subject's arrangements, check the death certificate, obituary notice or death notice. If you already know where the grave is, check with the cemetery administration to see if the name of the funeral home is listed in administrative records. Depending on the area of death, it might be easiest to check town records to determine which funeral homes and undertakers were in business at the time of death - from there you can determine which handled your subject's arrangements through the process of elimination. Many funeral homes that passed on passed their records on to other functional operations. If you find the funeral home you search for is closed check with others in the area. Sometimes libraries store copies of early records in their special collections. Local genealogical societies are also often aware of where records are kept and just might save you loads of time. To find a genealogical society that specializes in the area that you are researching, check the Handybook for Genealogists, 10th edition. Donna Brown at [email protected] ********** Copyright 2003 Everton Family History Network. All Rights Reserved. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Without genealogy, the study of history is lifeless." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002