http://www.jenwilletts.com Free Settler or Felon? A searchable database containing information about early residents of the Hunter Valley and Newcastle areas of New South Wales Australia. Includes convicts, settlers, soldiers, townspeople. http://www.4trudy.co.uk/census 1901 Leftovers A collection of 1901 uk Census records, submitted by genealogists around the world. More than 14000 records so far and growing. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 s Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

This site might interest you people who are descended from ancestors that lived in Devon, England http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/genuki/DEV/OPCproject.html There is another site for Cornwall. http://west-penwith.org.uk/opc.htm Got these from the Rootsweb newsletter. Newsletters can clutter up your mailbox and many people don't like reading them but they have excellent references to sources.

If you find the following interesting, additional information can be found at: http://www.historynet.com/mh/blbattleofdunbar/ Battle of Dunbar: Cromwell's Masterstroke The Scottish army had superior numbers and position on the morning of September 3, 1650, but all Oliver Cromwell needed was an opportunity--and he spotted one. by Sean Purdy The execution of King Charles I on January 30, 1649, was a dramatic episode in the English Civil War, but it did not mark the end of armed strife in the British Isles. Unfortunately, the war entered a new phase lasting from 1650 to 1652. Known as the Third English Civil War, it was essentially a conflict between England and Scotland, distinctly more nationalistic in tone than the preceding struggles. Charles was a member of the House of Stuart, a Scottish dynasty that had ruled both England and Scotland since 1601. Although the countries shared a king, they maintained separate national identities and distinct bodies of law. They also maintained different established religions and separate parliaments. When Charles acceded to the throne in 1625 he tried to rule as an absolute monarch. This policy brought him swiftly into conflict with England's Parliament, whose members strongly preferred a more flexible system of parliamentary monarchy. Between 1642 and 1648, Charles fought the English Parliament--which raised an army against him--but ultimately lost, was captured and put on trial. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

The Massachusetts Registry of Vital Records and Statistics is doubling its fees on April 1, 2003. Individuals performing their own research at the Registry will now be subject to a fee of $6 per hour, double that of the previous fee of $3 an hour. The cost of a birth, marriage, or death certificate ordered in person has also doubled: $12 per certificate instead of $6. The cost of a birth, marriage, or death certificate ordered by mail will now be $22 per certificate -- again, a doubling of fees. The Registry's records include birth, marriage, and death records that occurred in Massachusetts from 1911 to the present day. Records for events that occurred from 1841–1910 are available at the Massachusetts State Archives, which has a separate fee structure. The new fees of the Massachusetts Registry of Vital Records and Statistics may be seen at: http://www.state.ma.us/dph/bhsre/rvr/FeeIncrease.htm. (The following article is from Eastman’s Online Genealogy Newsletter and is copyright 2003 by Richard W. Eastman. It is re-published here with the permission of the author. Information about the newsletter is available at http://www.RootsForum.com.) Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

The American WWII Orphans Network at www.awon.org is an organization of sons and daughters of Americans killed and missing in World War II. According to the Network's published statement, "The deaths of more than 406 000 men left an estimated 183,000 American children fatherless and totally unaware that so many others share the same condition." Most of these fatherless children are now in their 50s. The Network, headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, strives to locate and register all American WWII orphans and their fathers. It also holds local, regional and national gatherings to give members a chance to get acquainted and share experiences and information. The Network works to maintain on-line communication with WWII orphans from all over the World. The services of this organization can be helpful to family history researchers because it directs participants to sources of information about their fathers from military and government records. It also directs orphans to sources of information helpful in locating war buddies, family and friends of their fathers. Prefer direct contact with the American WWII Orphans Network? Write or call: American WWII Orphans Network 5745 Lee Road Indianapolis, Indiana 46216 Phone: 540.310.0750 E-mail: [email protected] Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

A-Z of Tombstone Art and Symbols This abridged chapter from the Sexton's Book of Tales, covers some of the more popular headstone symbols with explanations and graphics. The custom of erecting ornately carved headstones over graves is a surprisingly recent innovation which found fashion in the 18th century. That s not to say that older headstones do not exist, any cathedral close will belie such a grandiose claim, but the tombs you'll find there are mainly of wealthy local dignitaries or men of the cloth. Few memorials exist of more lowly beings. The general populous simply could not afford to invest in dying while living was such a trial and, with a life expectancy of a mere forty years and general illiteracy, there probably seemed little point in erecting expensive tombs with epitaphs which few could read. http://genealogy.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http%3A%2F%2Fwww tales.ndirect.co.uk%2FA_ZINDEX.HTML (URL might be 2 or 3-Lines) The task of interpreting the symbols on a tombstone is a daunting one. Though most symbols that you will see engraved on a stone DO have a textbook meaning, it is quite possible that the particular item you find engraved on the tombstone was put there simply because someone liked the look of it. Therefore, it will have no meaning beyond the taste of the deceased (if the request of what was to be on his stone was made by him), or the taste of the mourners left behind to choose the stone's appearance. The point is, many people who choose grave motifs have no idea that the ornamentation they select has meaning.. What they know is that they like the design and feel it is just somehow "right". http://genealogy.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http%3A%2F%2Fwww angelfire.com%2Fky2%2Fcemetery%2Freid.html (URL might be 2 or 3-Lines) Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 . .

Discovering the Veterans in your Family Tree For more info: http://genealogy.about com/library/weekly/aa_military_ancestors.htm (URL might be more than 2-Lines) Nearly every generation of Americans has known war. From the early colonists to the men and women currently serving in America's armed forces, most of us can claim at least one relative or ancestor who has served our country in the military. Even if you have never heard of military veterans in your family tree, try a bit of research and you might be surprised! Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

Librarians to offer 24-hour online service ASSOCIATED PRESS downloaded from: http://www.hometownannapolis com/cgi-bin/read/2003/03_17-24/TOP (URL is 2Lines) Need a librarian in the middle of the night? The Anne Arundel County library system is one of several in Maryland trying to make sure you'll be able to find one ready to help starting today, and you won't even have to leave the house - if you have a computer with Internet access. The libraries are seeking to enable Maryland residents to reach a librarian online around the clock for information ranging from recipes to tax information to just about anything you could find in the state's libraries. Libraries across the state today launched a free service called Maryland AskUsNow!, which will make librarians available 24-hours-a-day, seven-days-a-week for online chat sessions. "What we're really doing is we're breaking down those barriers of time and space that have existed for hundreds of years," said Joe Thompson, project coordinator for the service. "People had to always get to their library. They had to walk there; they had to drive there. They don't have to do that now. They can be sitting right at their home PC and they can do it whenever they want," he said. The service will be available to all Maryland residents by logging on to local library Web sites or www.askusnow.info. When someone signs on for a chat session, a question can be relayed to a librarian, who will search print and electronic sources for an answer. The user and the librarian will be able to see the same screen at the same time. Maryland is the second state to set up such a statewide system, Mr. Thompson said. New Jersey has had a similar system for more than a year. In Maryland, librarian staffing will come from 20 public library systems, five academic libraries - including Anne Arundel Community College - and the Maryland Law Library. The system will be part of a larger library consortium that will enable librarians from Massachusetts and California to help Maryland residents in the middle of the night. "This is really the next big leap I'm seeing in providing information online " Mr. Thompson said. The computer software that is being used by the state is called 24/7 Reference, which is available through a licensing agreement with the Metropolitan Cooperative Library System Pasadena, Calif. The Baltimore County Public Library received a $155,602 grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services. New Jersey first started making librarians available online from 11 a.m. until 9 p.m. in October of 2001. In that first month, librarians fielded 240 questions, said Peter Bromberg, program development coordinator for the South Jersey Regional Library Cooperative. But when the service went 24-7 in January 2002, Mr. Bromberg said the amount of questions went up to 100 a day. Demand has been rising. Last January, the program, called "Q and A NJ," received almost 5,000 questions. Some of the most popular inquiries relate to health, law, "genealogy" and business. Students working on research papers also reach out often to the nocturnal librarians, Mr. Bromberg said. Librarians who take part in the service take on a wide array of questions. "There is no typical question," Mr. Bromberg said. "Users ask questions that are completely across the board, which is pretty parallel to the kinds of questions that they ask in person or over the phone." The longest wait for help is between three and five minutes, Mr. Bromberg said, and usage goes way down at night. Mr. Bromberg also said the online service has enhanced residents' understanding of library services. The service has been praised highly by elderly and disabled New Jersey residents. "We know that we're reaching people," he said. "We know that we're making a difference." Published March 17, 2003, The Capital, Annapolis, Md. Copyright © 2003 The Capital, Annapolis, Md. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

Several historians and researchers have claimed that radio carbon dating evidence, along with the discovery of ancient British style artifacts and inscriptions, have provided "the strongest indications yet" that British explorers, under the Prince Madoc ap Meurig, arrived in North America during the 6th Century and set up colonies in what is now the American Midwest. Alan Wilson and Baram Blackett of the Foundation for European American Heritage and James B. Michael of the Ancient Kentucke Historical Association recently made the announcement. Research team members have known the location of burial sites of Madoc's close relatives in Wales for some time. Many of the grave mounds found in the American south and midwest, including those at Bat Creek, Tennessee, are similarly ancient British in origin and design, Wilson said. Jim Michael added, "The stone tablet found at Bat Creek in 1889 included an inscription written in Coelbren, an ancient British alphabet known and recorded by historians and bards down the ages." Wilson said that his research had brought him into contact with very similar alphabet inscriptions in Britain, Europe, and the Middle East. "The components of the alphabet derive from the earliest days of the Khumric (Welsh) people," he added, "and were used along their migration routes to Wales in antiquity." Wilson's research partner, Baram A. Blackett, explained, "Once we discovered the cipher for the alphabet recorded in texts dating to the 1500s, we knew we were in business. We have translated many of these inscriptions, and they all make perfect sense." Jim Michael commented that the final translation for the Bat Creek tablet was an exciting business, "especially when we knew it read, 'Madoc the ruler he is'." Some historians have written off the evidence for Prince Madoc, the Welsh prince who sailed to America circa 562 AD. "They often give a false date of 1170, and this legend has replaced the facts," added Wilson. "At the moment, there is a small group of wreckers trying to steal our research and to promote this misdating. Luckily, we've done all the groundwork and have a substantial body of evidence in our favour." Wilson, Blackett, and Michael made the identification of the Bat Creek main tumulus as the likely tomb of Prince Madoc in January 1990. Michael has been in contact with the Smithsonian with a view to its allowing the bone fragments to be DNA tested. They also claim that there are numerous ancient British Coelbren inscriptions in the American midwest. Keep in mind that not all historians yet agree with Wilson, Blackett, and Michael. This ongoing story should be interesting to watch as it develops. You can read more about this at: http://www.kingarthur-online.co.uk The following article is from Eastman’s Online Genealogy Newsletter and is copyright 2003 by Richard W. Eastman. It is re-published here with the permission of the author. Information about the newsletter is available at http://www.RootsForum.com. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002.

Ohio County sites: Allen County http://allencogenealogysociety.homestead.com/main.html Alliance http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohags Ashland http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohacogs/ Ashtabula http://www.ashtabulagen.org Auglaize http://rootsweb.com/~ohaugogs/index.html Butler http://dal120757.tripod.com/bcogs/ Carroll http://www/cannet/~jun/ccgs.htm Clark http://rootsweb.com/~ohcccogs Clermont http://rootsweb.com/~ohclecgs/ Clinton http://rootsweb.com/~ohclinto/ Columbiana http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohcolumb/natur/order.html Coshocton http://www.coshocton.org Crawford http://rootsweb.com/~ohcrawfo/index.html Cuyahoga East http://community.cleveland.com/cc/eastcuyahoga Cuyahoga Greater Cleveland http://rootsweb.com/~ohgcgg/ Cuyahoga Valley http://www.community.cleveland.com/cc/cvgs Darke has several, here is one http://rootsweb.com/~ohdarke Defiance http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohdefian/ Delaware http://midohio.net/dchsdcgs Erie http://rootsweb.com/~oheccogs Fairfield http://fairfieldgenealogy.org Franklin http://rootsweb.com/~OHFCGHS Fulton http://rootsweb.com/~ohfulton Gallia http://www.zoomnet.net/~histsoc/ Geauga http://rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/oh/geauga.htm Greene http://rootsweb.com/~ohgccogs/ Guernsey http://usgennet.org/~ohguerns/index.html Hancock http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohhccogs/ Hardin http://hardincogenealogycenter.homestead.com/index.html Harrison http://rootsweb.com/~ohharris/ Hudson http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohhudogs/hudson.htm Huron http://rootsweb.com/~ohhuron Jackson http://www.scioto.org/ogs/jackson Jefferson http://rootsweb.com/~ohjefogs Lake http://morleylibrary.org/genealogy_legs.htm Lawrence http://lawrencecountyohio.com/gensoc/gensoc.htm Licking http://www.npls.org/legs/index.html Medina http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohmedina/index.htm Mercer http://calweb.com/~wally/mercer/society.htm Miami http://www.tdn-net.com/mchgs Monroe http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohmccogs/ Montgomery http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohmontgs/ Morrow http://www/rootsweb.com/~ohmorrow Muskingum http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohmuskin/mccogs Ottawa http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohoccgs Perry http://perrygenealogy.net/perryogs.htm Pike http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohpcgs/pike.htm Portage http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohportorg/ and they have a history site http://www.history.portage.oh.us Preble http://www.pedl.lib.oh.us Richland http://www/rootsweb.com/~ohrichgs Richland-Shelby http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohscogs Ross http://bright.net/~rcgs Sciotio http://sccogs.com Seneca http://www.senecasearchers.org Stark http://stark.lib.oh.us/ohiogen/sccgs.html Summit http://www.acorn.net/gen Union http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohuniongs Van Wert http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohvanwer/ Warren http://www.co.warren.oh.us/genealogy/index.htm Wayne http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohwayne/ Williams http://www.geocities.com/wmscogen/index.html Wood http://rootsweb.com/~ohwood Bette ==== BUNKER Mailing List ==== Post your information and queries. We love it. No BUNKER rock left untouched Spelling variations ok - we don't "know" the original. .

Doing research in New York State? This will be of interest. New York State Proposes Higher Fees New York Governor Pataki's proposed new budget includes price increases that will impact genealogists researching ancestors in that state. I have not seen the document yet, but sources have provided me with the following statement of the budget proposal, showing the current fees in braces before the price increase: For any search of the files and records conducted for authorized genealogical or research purposes, the commissioner or any person authorized by him shall be entitled to, and the applicant shall pay, a fee of [ten] *twenty* dollars for each hour or fractional part of an hour of time of search, together with a fee of [one dollar] *two dollars* for each uncertified copy or abstract of such record requested by the applicant or for a certification that a search discloses no record." Other proposed fee changes include: Uncertified vital records certificates (for genealogical purposes) - the current $11 fee will become $22. Certified vital records certificates - the current $15 fee will become $30. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

Have a five page listing of the above. If you're interested, just let me know. These are old English terms. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

The Proceedings of the Old Bailey London 1674 to 1834 A fully searchable online edition of the largest body of texts detailing the lives of non-elite people ever published, containing accounts of over 100,000 criminal trials held at London's central criminal court. http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/ Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

Lighten Up When viewing scanned images on your monitor, some of the pages are very dark so that the handwriting can't be read or the images are bright so that the writing is washed out. Use the brightness and contrast controls on your monitor to darken and lighten images so many images that were unreadable or very hard to read are easily read. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

By the dawn of the 17th century, despite several disastrous attempts England still lacked a viable claim to some part of the New World. In 1606, James I tried once more to fruitfully impregnate the mythically rich, virgin land. He established 2 companies made up of merchant-adventurers eager to plumb the tantalizing riches of North America--these were the London Company and the Plymouth Company. The first to embark was the London Company, which sent forth three ships in December of 1606. James gave them three objectives: find gold, find a route to the South Seas, and find the Lost Colony of Roanoke. Adverse winds held their ship near England for 6 weeks, and seriously depleted their food reserves. Forty-five died on the voyage, but 101 men and 4 boys finally landed on a in May, 1607. A record log tells us that within a month they were able to complete the building of a large triangular fort on the banks of a river the Indians knew as "Powhatan's River," or "Powhatan's Flu." The settlers named it the James, after their King. At first the climate seemed mild, the Indians friendly. As John Smith wrote, "heaven and earth never agreed better to frame a place for man's habitations Then came blistering heat, swarms of insects spawned in the nearby wetlands, unfit water supplies, typhus, starvation, fierce winters, Indian attacks, shiploads of inappropriately-prepared "Colonists" (sent from a changing England that had no other place for them), and even a period of tyrannical martial law when missing church 3 times was a capital offense. Find this interesting? Read the entire article at: http://britishhistory.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www tobacco.org/History/Jamestown.html [URL is more than 2-lines] Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 . .

For information on burning CD's here is an excellent site http://www.cdsleeves.com/7fatalmistakes.html This one has hints for making that family history CD including autorun and other good things http://www.AncestralAuthor.com/support/makecd.htm

“Every St. Patrick's Day every Irishman goes out to find another Irishman to make a speech to.” - Shane Leslie The most well known tradition on St. Patrick’s Day is probably the practice of wearing green, the color of shamrocks and the national color of the Emerald Isle. Most of us can also remember the school-yard extension of this tradition—those not wearing green on St. Patrick’s Day are likely to receive a painful pinch! Many cities, both in Ireland and overseas, have St. Patrick Day’s parades. New York actually has the honor of having held the first St. Patrick’s Day parade. In 1762 Irish regiments, serving in the British army, paraded through the streets of New York. The idea quickly caught on as a show of solidarity among people of the Irish-American community, who often encountered anti-Irish prejudice. In 1948 President Truman was the first American President to attend the New York St. Patrick’s Day Parade. While New Yorkers can claim the first St. Patrick’s Day parade, Bostonians can claim to be the first to celebrate March 17th in America. Boston celebrated St. Patrick’s Day for the first time in 1737. Some Irish traditions receive an extra shot in the arm on St. Patrick’s Day. It’s always lucky to find a four-leafed clover, but it’s even luckier to find one on March 17th. Choosing St. Patrick’s Day to kiss the famous Blarney Stone is also considered extra lucky. One or two traditions have very little to do with St. Patrick. Leprechauns have become one of the symbols of St. Patrick’s Day, but their inclusion has more to do with greeting card designers than any involvement with Ireland’s patron saint. As for green beer, well, do we really need an excuse for something that much fun? http://www.saint-patricks-day-traditions.com/html/traditions.html Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

Other sources of interest on "Stagecoach Mary Fields" http://www.cascademontana.com/mary.htm http://womenshistory.about.com/library/prm/blmaryfields1.htm http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/fiel-mar.htm .

The Rise & Fall of the Jacobite Rebellion http://britishhistory.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http%3A%2F%2Fwww highlanderweb.co.uk%2Fculloden%2Fjacobite.htm The Jacobites http://britishhistory.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite htm?site=http%3A%2F%2Fourworld.compuserve com%2Fhomepages%2Flennich%2Fjacobite.htm (both URL's are more than one line) Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

Wallace & Bruce - War with England >From 1286 until 1320 we Scots had some troubles with our southern English neighbours and their kings Edward I & II. Although many Scots dispute the accuracy of the film Braveheart, I think it gives a reasonable picture of the times. During his invasion of Scotland, in 1296 Edward I spent a night in Auchterarder Castle. At Blackford William Wallace is said to have defeated a small English force as they crossed the ford on the Allan Water. Wallace's greatest hour, the battle of Stirling Bridge, took place 15 kms south of Strathearn. On 11th September 1297 an English army under the Earl of Surrey was caught attempting to cross a narrow wooden bridge over the River Forth at Stirling. This force was slaughtered and the strategically crucial fortress of Stirling Castle fell to Wallace. Scone, 10kms east of Strathearn, was for centuries home of the Stone of Destiny. This magical rock, said to be black marble from the Holy Land and Jacob's original pillow, was used in the crowning ceremony of Scottish Monarchs. Around the Stone of Scone lies much controversy. In 1296 Edward stole 'a stone' from Scone - a piece of local sandstone. Ten years later in 1306 Robert I (Robert the Bruce) was said to be crowned on The Stone at Scone. Spot the obvious here? So where did the real Stone go? And where is it today? What was the stone that came back from England after 700 years amid much publicity? - the old cover to the cess pit at Scone, say some! In 1314 agreement had been reached between Edward Bruce and Philip de Mowbray, the Commander Stirling Castle that if it were not relieved by mid-summer's day, it would be surrendered. An English army of almost 20,000 men under the personal command of Edward II attempted to fight through to Stirling. Robert I with 7000 men chose his defensive positions with care at the Bannockburn making use of bogs, gorge and sloping terrain. The English could not deploy properly on the narrow front and Bruce's spearmen held firm As the day progressed the English began to loss the struggle. Edward II reached Stirling castle with a bodyguard of 500 knights. De Mowbray stuck to his oath saying that the battle was lost, that he was about to surrender and banned Edward's entry. So Robert I had a particularly good day at Bannockburn on 23rd June 1314. After this confirmation of Scottish Statehood, a letter was written in 1320 to the Pope - the Declaration of Arbroath. This appears to have influenced Thomas Jefferson when he drafted the American Declaration of Independence. http://britishhistory.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http%3A%2F%2Fwww strathearn.com%2Fge%2Fhistory1c.htm (URL is more than one line) Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Today is tomorrow's history." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .