Karla, I followed your brother by a couple of years, also primarily for science rather than immediate personal benefit, and that was true when I was asked to take the DYF399X test. The R1a Project team are remarkable in intellect and work ethic, something to help. Haplogroup was appropriate at first, but things move so fast it's perhaps at haplotype now. Your words "something I know how to do much with" are also perhaps dated. Profound insights aren't associated with small sample statistics, but there's getting to be lot of data now. There's enough for very nasty questions to be asked about how it's being analysed. Sometimes people with deep understanding of underlying methodology are at a disadvantage. It needs a good statistician with no preconceptions to just look at the data and see what it does and does not say. One with more than just competence to see what it might say. Perhaps with novel statistical treatment... kb