List A set of 223 Native American sequences has appeared on the GenBank database. They accompany the very important paper that appeared recently: Brandini,S., et al. 'The Paleo-Indian Entry into South America According to Mitogenomes' Mol. Biol. Evol. (2017) This paper is a free download at: https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/doi/10.1093/molbev/msx267/4430355 The abstract is given below. The supplementary pdf file contains extensive charts of the South American Haplogroups. The sequences all belong to Haplogroups A,B,C & D; and I have added them to my Checker program to ensure accuracy of transcription. Ian www.ianlogan.co.uk ------------------------------------------------ Abstract Recent and compelling archaeological evidence attests to human presence ∼14.5 thousand years ago (Kya) at multiple sites in South America and a very early exploitation of extreme high-altitude Andean environments. Considering that, according to genetic evidence, human entry into North America from Beringia most likely occurred ∼16 Kya, these archeological findings would imply an extremely rapid spread along the double continent. To shed light on this issue from a genetic perspective, we first completely sequenced 217 novel modern mitogenomes of Native American ancestry from the northwestern area of South America (Ecuador and Peru); we then evaluated them phylogenetically together with other available mitogenomes (430 samples, both modern and ancient) from the same geographic area and, finally, with all closely related mitogenomes from the entire double continent. We detected a large number (N = 48) of novel sub-haplogroups, often branching into further sub-clades, belonging to two classes: those that arose in South America early after its peopling and those that instead originated in North or Central America and reached South America with the first settlers. Coalescence age estimates for these sub-haplogroups provide time boundaries indicating that early Paleo-Indians probably moved from North America to the area corresponding to modern Ecuador and Peru over the short time frame of ∼1.5 Ky comprised between 16.0 and 14.6 Kya. -------------------- KY680794(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2ac 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A249G A263G 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G T4248C A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A C8794T A8860G A9377G G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T T15074C A15326G C16111T G16213A C16223T C16290T G16319A T16362C KY680795(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2ac 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A249G A263G 309.1C 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G T4248C A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A C8480T C8794T A8860G A9377G G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T T15074C A15326G C16111T G16213A C16223T C16290T C16291T G16319A T16362C KY680796(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2ac 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A249G A263G 309.1C 315.1C T449C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G T4248C A4769G A4824G C7028T T7094C G8027A C8794T A8860G A9377G G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T T15074C A15326G C16111T C16192T G16213A C16223T C16290T G16319A T16362C KY680797(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2ac 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G 309.1C 315.1C T455C C459- C522- A523- 573.1C A663G A750G T1413C A1438G A1736G A2706G C4025T T4248C A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A C8794T A8860G A9377G G9755A G11719A G12007A C12705T C13902T G14258A C14766T T15074C A15326G C16111T G16213A C16214T C16223T C16290T G16319A T16362C KY680798(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2ac 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G A93G T125C T127C T146C A153G A235G A263G 309.1C 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G G1760A A2706G T4248C A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A T8473C C8794T A8860G A9377G G11719A G12007A C12705T C13934T C14766T T15074C A15326G C16111T T16126C G16213A C16223T C16290T G16319A C16320T T16362C KY680799(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2ac 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G A93G T125C T127C T146C A153G A235G A263G 309.1C 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G G1760A A2706G A3565G T4248C A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A A8440G T8473C C8794T A8860G A9377G G11719A G12007A C12705T C13934T C14766T T15074C A15326G C16111T T16126C G16213A C16223T C16290T G16319A C16320T T16362C KY680800(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2ac 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G 309.1C 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G A2755G A3995G T4248C A4769G A4824G C7028T T7270C G8027A G8485A C8794T A8812G A8860G A9377G G11719A G12007A C12705T T12714C C14766T T15074C A15326G C16111T G16213A C16223T C16290T G16319A T16362C KY680801(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2ac2 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G T279C 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G T4248C A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A C8794T A8860G A9377G G11719A G12007A C12079T C12705T C14766T T15074C A15326G C16111T T16189C 16193.1C G16213A C16223T C16290T G16319A T16362C KY680802(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2ac2 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G T279C 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G C3340T T4248C A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A C8676T C8794T A8860G A9377G G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T T15074C A15326G G16213A C16223T C16290T C16292T G16319A T16362C KY680803(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2ac2 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A215G A235G A263G T279C 309.1C 309.2C 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G T4248C A4769G A4824G C7028T C7199A G8027A C8794T A8860G A9377G G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T T15074C A15326G G15884A C16111T G16213A C16223T C16290T G16319A T16362C KY680804(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2ac2 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G T279C 309.1C 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G T4248C A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A C8794T T8848C A8860G A9377G G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T T15074C A15326G G15884A C16111T G16129A G16213A C16223T G16244A C16290T G16319A T16362C KY680805(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2ac2 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G T279C 309.1C 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G A3993T T4248C A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A C8794T A8860G A9377G A10005G G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T T15074C A15326G C16111T T16209C G16213A C16223T C16290T G16319A T16362C KY680806(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2ac2 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G T279C 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G T4248C A4769G A4824G G6734A C7028T G8027A C8794T A8860G A9377G G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T T15074C A15113G A15326G C16111T G16213A C16223T C16261T C16290T G16319A T16362C KY680807(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2y1 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A189G T195C A235G A263G 309.1C 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G T4248C A4769G A4824G T5093C C7028T T8010C G8027A C8794T A8860G G8879A C9424T A10083T G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T C14881T A15326G C16111T A16183- T16189C 16193.1C C16223T C16290T A16293G T16304C T16362C KY680808(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2y1 08-NOV-2017 A73G T146C A153G A189G G207A A235G A263G 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G T4248C A4769G A4824G T5093C C7028T G8027A C8794T A8860G G11719A G12007A C12705T C14668T C14766T T15262C A15326G C16111T C16223T C16290T A16293G T16304C G16319A T16362C KY680809(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2k1 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G 309.1C 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G G1719A A1736G G2120A A2706G A4129G T4248C T4511C A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A C8794T A8860G G11016A G11719A G12007A A12280G C12705T A13681G T14020C C14766T G15077A A15326G A15924G C16111T C16223T C16290T G16319A T16362C KY680810(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2k1 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G 309.1C 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G G1719A A1736G G2120A A2706G A4129G T4248C T4511C A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A C8794T A8860G G11016A G11719A G12007A A12280G C12705T A13681G T14020C C14766T G15077A A15326G A15924G C16111T C16223T C16290T G16319A T16362C KY680811(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2k1 08-NOV-2017 T60C G62T C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G 315.1C C522- A523- A663G G709A A750G A1438G A1736G G1888A A2706G T4248C A4769G A4824G A5894C 5899.1C 5899.2C C7028T G8027A C8794T A8860G A10887G G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T A15326G T15344C A15924G C16111T C16192T C16223T C16290T G16319A T16362C KY680812(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2k1 08-NOV-2017 G62A C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G 315.1C C522- A523- A663G G709A A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G T4248C A4769G G4820A A4824G C7028T G8027A C8794T A8860G A10887G T10915C G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T A15326G T15344C A15924G C16111T C16223T C16290T G16319A T16362C KY680813(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2av1 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G G2140A A2706G A4122G T4248C A4769G A4824G A5978G C7028T G8027A C8794T A8860G G10586A G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T G15043A A15326G T16090C C16111T C16218T C16223T C16290T G16319A C16360T T16362C T16519C KY680814(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2av1a 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G 309.1C 309.2C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G A4122G T4248C A4343G A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A T8618C C8794T A8860G T9012C G10586A G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T G15043A A15326G C16111T C16223T C16290T G16319A T16362C T16519C KY680815(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2av1a 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G A4122G T4248C A4343G A4769G A4824G T6094G C7028T G8027A T8618C C8794T A8860G T9012C A10018G G10586A G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T G15043A A15326G C16111T C16223T C16290T G16319A T16362C T16519C KY680816(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2av1a 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G A4122G T4248C A4343G G4580A A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A T8618C C8794T A8860G T9012C G10586A G11719A G12007A C12705T C14766T G15043A A15326G C16111T C16223T C16290T A16293C G16319A T16362C T16519C KY680817(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2av1 08-NOV-2017 T63C C64T T65C A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2246R A2706G A3547G A4122G T4248C A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A T8540C C8794T A8860G A9468G C10292T G10586A G11719A G12007A T12616C C12705T A14587G C14766T G15043A A15326G G15930A C16111T C16223T C16290T G16319A T16362C T16519C KY680818(Ecuador) Brandini Haplogroup A2av1 08-NOV-2017 C64T A73G T146C A153G A235G A263G 315.1C C522- A523- A663G A750G A1438G A1736G A2706G A4122G T4248C A4769G A4824G C7028T G8027A C8794T A8860G G10586A G11719A G12007A C12705T A14587G C14766T G15043A A15326G C16223T G16274A C16278T C16290T G16319A T16362C T16519C