Fortunately, FTDNA is big enough and an on-going concern and has terms of service documented. I could sue them in court successfully if needed. I don't expect to need that, but that capability here in the USA is a good inhibitor to privacy-related malpractice or negligence on FTDNA's part. ******************* I doubt it. Most of the time lawsuits cost more than the case is worth and corporations have more money to spend on lawyers than individuals. While I have no idea whether FTDNA is sending samples out of the country for testing, I can say that progress in my Britton project has slowed considerably this year because of three month delays plus in processing standard Y- tests. So I'm not happy about whatever is happening. Lindsey