Sam, My oldest known genetic Y-mutation is P305 which occurred about 100,000 years ago in a man in Africa. P305 is considered the ancestor to more than 99.9% of male lineages today. Generally, "Y-chromosome Adam" (the supposed genetic father of all men) is estimated from 300,000 to 150,000 years ago. I do not have any update studies on these ages. Y-Adam is a reoccurring theme here and makes for some interesting and varying theories, and I look forward to future studies. The news media dubbed the popular term "Y-chromosome Adam" or "Y-Adam" and is not to be confused with Biblical Adam, whose origins are from a Hebrew word symbolizing the "first" man on earth from a theological point of view. The Hebrew scribes adopted much of the creation story from the Babylonians when the Judean Hebrews were taken into captivity. From there the Judean Hebrews became known as "Jews" prior to there release from exile. With Cain and Abel's occupation as farmer and sheep herder, they would represent a far advanced human culture than the Biblical Adam, who would represent the first primitive (human) man. The creation story was not written to be taken literally, but as an allegory and a morality story. Lee I just thought of something I have not seen anybody else say. If we agree that our Most Recent Common Ancestor was a man named Adam and he must have had at least two sons, then we should call his two sons DNA-Cain and DNA-Able. Can we find how they were different? Sam Sloan