Tony, Thanks. The proof will be in the pudding! I would like to work on the multi-hierarchy place authority, but I have major projects that take priority right now. How would you handle the differences between the geographical and political distinctions? For example the Greenland example I gave on the other thread. Or another case, the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon that are off the coast of Newfoundland. Geographically Greenland and St. Pierre and Miquelon are in North America. Politically Greenland is "an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark" while St. Pierre and Miquelon is an "overseas collectivity of France". What should a place authority do in a cases like this? I believe that there should be both a geographical hierarchy and a political one. But from there I don't know exactly where to go. Tom