Thanks Howie ... That seems a 'centre of the bull's eye' answer Now a Question for anyone with nursing info ..... Reading of the Children's Hospital Fire this phrase Below set me how wondering ... How Can This Be Done Quickly ??? Marlene She added: "There were some children who were due to have surgery this morning so they were already in the process of being anaesthetised. We had to wake these patients up because we wanted to make sure they are in a stable and safe situation." ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Dear Marlene. You wondered why we call a spell of fine weather in the autumn an 'Indian Summer'. So I looked it up in Wikipedia... and found this: There are several theories as to its etymology: * In Daniel J. Boorstin's book "The Americans, The Colonial Experience", he speculates that the term originated from raids on European colonies by Indian war parties. These raids usually ended in Autumn, hence any extension to summer-like weather into the Fall came to be known as an 'Indian Summer'. * It may be so named because this was the traditional period during which early Native Americans harvested their crops. * Given that Native Americans were frequently perceived as deceitful and treacherous by the European settlers, the phrase might be of the family of terms such as "Indian giver" and "Indian corn," based on this supposed duplicity. Therefore, "Indian Summer" would be a 'deceitful, treacherous' imitation of summer, which appears to be a return of warmer weather but is really a short-lived 'lie' giving way to the 'truth' of cold, unpleasant conditions. Howie <<hugs>>