Cindy, thanks for the sources. Do you know why it happened? I've written a couple of columns about this. It was because volcano Mount Tamboura in the Dutch East Indies exploded in April 1815. It darkened the skies for much of the Northern Hemisphere. Grave shortages of food in Europe brought political upheaval. Even Thomas Jefferson had to apply for an emergency bank loan because of failed crops! Killing frosts in New England continued through August 1816. People called this year w/o a summer "Eighteen Hundred and Froze to Death." Jean