Jeg er på jakt etter opplysninger om Anders Janson Uhr, født 3. mai 1714 i Kungsgarden, Ovansjo, Gavleborg, i følge opplysninger lagt inn i Familysearch. Foreldrene skal ha vært Jan NILSSON UHR og Catharina MORT. Jeg er spesielt interessert i barna til Anders ettersom jeg jakter på opphavet til en Juditta Andersdatter Uhr som bodde i Bergen rundt 1770. Alle tips mottas med takk. I'm looking for information about Anders Janson Uhr, born may 3. 1714 in Kungsgarden, Ovansjo, Gavleborg, Sweden according to information registered at familysearch.com. His parents is registered as Jan Nilsson Uhr and Catharina Mort. I'm particulary interested in Anders' children, as I'm trying to find the origin of Juditta Andersdatter Uhr, who lived in Bergen, Norway around 1770. Any hints will be greatly appreciated. -- Vennlig hilsen Per Helge Seglsten

Thanks Thomas for correcting me. I think the one she want's is #1. Margit Thomas Bech Pettersen wrote: > I don't think Margit's reference is to the correct Borøya - there are at > least three instances along the coast of southeastern Norway. > > They are: > > 1. Close to Tvedestrand: (an hour or two from Arendal by boat) > http://home.online.no/~jenstj/kart.jpg > > 2. Near Kristiansand: (much longer from Arendal) > http://home.sol.no/~gunnulfs/ > > 3. Close to Sandvika near Oslo (Margit's reference) - very long way by boat > from Arendal. Improbable indeed. > > Good luck! > > PS: If you're looking for services regarding maps etc of Norway, try out > http://ngis2.statkart.no/norgesglasset/stedsnavn/default.html (in Norwegian > only, but do learn enough to use its vast search services and maps down to > 1:5000!) > > - Thomas > > "Margit" <mbakke@eot.com> wrote in message news:39AD665E.7009071E@eot.com... > > Try spelling it Borøya. > > http://home.online.no/~stran/guider/boroy.htm > > Margit > > > > > > S & J Reduker wrote: > > > > > Hi! > > > I am just starting to trace my relatives from Norway. I have translated > > > copies of letters written by Kanute Andreas Thorstensen (1874)of the > > > Brigg Fram. He mentions going "home to Lonvik" to see his daughter who > > > was in charge of the farm, by way of "ship to Kristiansand, steamer to > > > Arendal and boat to Boroya" (an island near Kalvesund)is how the letter > > > reads. I can't find Boroya on any recent Norway map, and I have tried > > > putting his name in for searches on the Norwegian census to no avail. > > > Lonvik as a farm name doesn't come up on searches under Vestfold. I > > > have no living relatives who can shed any light on this. I would > > > appreciate some direction as I haven't done any work in genealogy. Thank > > > you. Jeneene > >

I don't think Margit's reference is to the correct Borøya - there are at least three instances along the coast of southeastern Norway. They are: 1. Close to Tvedestrand: (an hour or two from Arendal by boat) http://home.online.no/~jenstj/kart.jpg 2. Near Kristiansand: (much longer from Arendal) http://home.sol.no/~gunnulfs/ 3. Close to Sandvika near Oslo (Margit's reference) - very long way by boat from Arendal. Improbable indeed. Good luck! PS: If you're looking for services regarding maps etc of Norway, try out http://ngis2.statkart.no/norgesglasset/stedsnavn/default.html (in Norwegian only, but do learn enough to use its vast search services and maps down to 1:5000!) - Thomas "Margit" <mbakke@eot.com> wrote in message news:39AD665E.7009071E@eot.com... > Try spelling it Borøya. > http://home.online.no/~stran/guider/boroy.htm > Margit > > > S & J Reduker wrote: > > > Hi! > > I am just starting to trace my relatives from Norway. I have translated > > copies of letters written by Kanute Andreas Thorstensen (1874)of the > > Brigg Fram. He mentions going "home to Lonvik" to see his daughter who > > was in charge of the farm, by way of "ship to Kristiansand, steamer to > > Arendal and boat to Boroya" (an island near Kalvesund)is how the letter > > reads. I can't find Boroya on any recent Norway map, and I have tried > > putting his name in for searches on the Norwegian census to no avail. > > Lonvik as a farm name doesn't come up on searches under Vestfold. I > > have no living relatives who can shed any light on this. I would > > appreciate some direction as I haven't done any work in genealogy. Thank > > you. Jeneene >

Try spelling it Borøya. http://home.online.no/~stran/guider/boroy.htm Margit S & J Reduker wrote: > Hi! > I am just starting to trace my relatives from Norway. I have translated > copies of letters written by Kanute Andreas Thorstensen (1874)of the > Brigg Fram. He mentions going "home to Lonvik" to see his daughter who > was in charge of the farm, by way of "ship to Kristiansand, steamer to > Arendal and boat to Boroya" (an island near Kalvesund)is how the letter > reads. I can't find Boroya on any recent Norway map, and I have tried > putting his name in for searches on the Norwegian census to no avail. > Lonvik as a farm name doesn't come up on searches under Vestfold. I > have no living relatives who can shed any light on this. I would > appreciate some direction as I haven't done any work in genealogy. Thank > you. Jeneene

Hi! I am just starting to trace my relatives from Norway. I have translated copies of letters written by Kanute Andreas Thorstensen (1874)of the Brigg Fram. He mentions going "home to Lonvik" to see his daughter who was in charge of the farm, by way of "ship to Kristiansand, steamer to Arendal and boat to Boroya" (an island near Kalvesund)is how the letter reads. I can't find Boroya on any recent Norway map, and I have tried putting his name in for searches on the Norwegian census to no avail. Lonvik as a farm name doesn't come up on searches under Vestfold. I have no living relatives who can shed any light on this. I would appreciate some direction as I haven't done any work in genealogy. Thank you. Jeneene

Hei Bo, Takk for at du prøver ! Dessverre de er de eneste bildene som jeg har fått tilsendt. De kan tas ned i et program som kan behandle bilder. Derfra kan du blåse de opp, det kan være Word eller andre prog. -- Jean-Pierre Soulère jeanp.soul@c2i.net <bo.h.johansson@karlstad.mail.telia.com> skrev i meldingsnyheter:8oj1ev$8a4$1@nnrp1.deja.com... > In article <4oWq5.11687$541.2371850@juliett.dax.net>, > "Jean-Pierre Soulère" <jeanp.soul@c2i.net> wrote: > > Hallo alle gode medhjelpere ! > > Jeg prøver å hjelpe en fransk bekjent med en tekst skrevet i "gammal > > svensk". > > Jeg har begynt på oversettelsen med det gjenstår en del nøtter !! > > Kan noen hjelpe meg ?? > > På forhånd takk > > original finnes på > > http://home.c2i.net/jeanps/svensk_dok/original > > begynnelse av oversettelse på > > http://home.c2i.net/jeanps/svensk_dok/trial > > > Har du bättre bilder, det är svårt att läsa dessa. > > Första raden tror jag skall sluta "som ännu utrikes holles" > > // Bo Johansson > > > Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/ > Before you buy.

In article <4oWq5.11687$541.2371850@juliett.dax.net>, "Jean-Pierre Soulère" <jeanp.soul@c2i.net> wrote: > Hallo alle gode medhjelpere ! > Jeg prøver å hjelpe en fransk bekjent med en tekst skrevet i "gammal > svensk". > Jeg har begynt på oversettelsen med det gjenstår en del nøtter !! > Kan noen hjelpe meg ?? > På forhånd takk > original finnes på > http://home.c2i.net/jeanps/svensk_dok/original > begynnelse av oversettelse på > http://home.c2i.net/jeanps/svensk_dok/trial > Har du bättre bilder, det är svårt att läsa dessa. Första raden tror jag skall sluta "som ännu utrikes holles" // Bo Johansson Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/ Before you buy.

Ja. "Peiter av Tjøttø" er hans tip-tip-tip oldefar. Erik Lund Per Nermo <nermo@online.no> skrev i meldingsnyheter:39abd33e.82879454@news.online.no... > Er det angitt noen slektsforbindelse mellom > "Peiter av Tjøttø" og Petter Peitersen Dass ? > > Per Nermo > > - - - - > > On Mon, 28 Aug 2000 15:30:48 +0200, "Erik Lund" > <erik.lund@sensewave.com> wrote: > > >Publikasjonen: "Ættebok for Petter Peitersen Dass og hans hustru Margrethe > >Andersdatter", samlet av Øystein Angell Røtvold, Sarpsborg 1997, forteller > >at foreldrene til Anna Jonsdatter Haar, som var gift med Trond Tordson > >Benkestokk, var Jon Olsen Haar ( ? - 1534), gift med Sissel Peitersdatter. > >Faren til Jon Olsen Haar var Ole Haar, gift med en etterkommer av > >Mechlenburg. Faren til Sissel Peitersdatter var Peiter av Tjøttø, gift med > >en etterkommer av Friis/Friisland. >

Thanks for your reply, I'm afraid I have very little further info at this stage. I am still in the early stages of tracing my lineage, as I am estranged from my Father the only info I have is that My Grandfather's name is Joseph Forde and that he lived in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England until he died a few years ago. I would like if I may to keep hold of your E-mail address and contact you when I have a bit more of a link with a specific family in Norway. Thanks once again Skywolf

so whats your point?? , not all good working folk who live in mobile homes are as you say white trash does that astound you or what ? or do you like stereotypes?

Hallo Leif! Det er mulig at jeg kan hjelpe deg med opplysninger om dine aner fra Skjeberg, Jeg bor selv i Skjeberg og er medlem av Skjeberg historielag. Historielaget har utgitt Ft. 1801, 1865, 1875 og 1900 i bokform. Det er også mange "skjebringer" på e-postlista for Østfold. Adresse, se nedenfor. -- mvh Tom Birkelund tom-birk@online.no Skjeberg historielag: http://www.thalberg.no/skjeberg/ Dalslandlista: http://Dalslandlist.listbot.com Østfoldlista: http://Ostfoldlist.listbot.com Leif <leif.andersson@mbox347.swipnet.se> wrote in message news:01c006bf$ceaae3c0$a75b97d4@leif... > Hej > > I forskningen kring mina norska anor har några frågor dykt upp som jag > hoppas jag kan få svar på här..... > > I folketellinga för Skeberg 1865 uppges min anas yrke vara "Huusmand ud. > jord" - vad innebär detta? Var han någon slags arrendator? > > Adressen samma källa uppger är Knegtehuuset - kan detta vara en > motsvarighet till svenska soldattorp? (ingenting tyder dock på att han > skulle varit knekt) > > Hans födelseplats uppges vara Grötten (jag kan tyvärr inte skriva norska > "Ö"), var ligger denna plats? > > Såväl efter Grötten som Skeberg på resten av familjens födelseplats står > "Prgj." - vad betyder denna förkortning? > > I folketellinga for 1900 finns på mina anors gård ett "föderaadshus" där > sväror bor, vad betyder Föderaadshus? > > > Till sist, kan man från Sverige på något sätt ta del av norska kyrkböcker > för vidare forskning? > > Venlig hilsen fra > > Leif i Göteborg

"Johan I. Borgos" wrote: > > In my part of Norway (Nordland county) the lensmann was a tax > collector, at least in the 1600's and most of the following century. > He also had other tasks - making a registry of the things a deceased > person left behind, doing inquiries if the higher authorities > suspected that something unlawful had been done, and he also summoned > people for the local court. At that time the lensmann job wasn't a > profession. I guess the 'fogd' (bailiff) picked trusted persons for > this job and changed the crew fairly often. In the 1800's the lensmann > got more and more law enforcing tasks, and the real sheriff was borne. > > By the way, 33 years as a lensmann around 1700, that's a very long > service! I've never seen more than 15 years that early. In Sunnmøre (southern part of Møre and Romsdal fylke), the term "skipreide" was used until 1822. The size (population and area) of a skipreide was about the same os the parish, but some of the borders was different. Some men served as "lensmann" for very long periods, and was followed by a son, and even his son. Ivar S. Ertesvåg Trondheim > > Johan > > deborah <lotus-land@home.com> wrote: > >Hi Per > >So the job of the sheriff was just to collect taxes? > >Thanks for the explanation > >Deborah > > > >Per Lilje wrote: > >> Hi, > >> That translation was "correct" word for word, but putting it together, it > >> didn't give the right meaning. > >> > >> The original, early medevial meaning of the word skipreide was the area which > >> through the "leidang" (military organization) was obliged to build, upkeep and > >> man a (viking) ship. This existed from the viking age (it probably existed in > >> parts of the country earlier, but according to the sagas, king Håkon den gode > >> (??? this is from memory) about 950 instituted the "leidang" over the whole > >> country, dividing all the coastal areas, and the inlands as far as the salmon > >> went, into "skipreider"). This institution existed into the middle ages, but by > >> the 15th century the small ships which the "skipeider" could provide proved > >> militarily totally ineffective against the bigger and taller vessels potential > >> enemies (especially the "kogger" of the Hansa), and the requirement to provide a > >> ship with crew disappeared, and was in part replaced by a tax. However, the > >> geographical meaning of "skipreide" continued to exist well into the 18th > >> century. But this was as an administrative geographic unit, for example for > >> having a "lensmann", i.e. bailiff/sheriff. It is not known how constant the > >> borders of the skipreider stayed from the Viking age to the 18th century. The > >> size of skipreider could vary quite a lot, but normally they would constitute a > >> small number of parishes (2-5), so that there were a few skipreider (2-about 8) > >> per county (fylke/amt). I.e. a skipreide was in size intermediate between > >> today's "kommune" (municipality) and "fylke" (county). > >> > >> Per B. Lilje > >> > >> In article <39AAF952.12C2C89D@home.com>, deborah <lotus-land@home.com> writes: > >> > I have an ancestor who is listed in the Høyland bygdebok as: > >> > ...og var frå 1687 til 1720 lensmann i Gand skipreide > >> > which translated with Tolken99 as: > >> > ...and was from 1687 to 1720 sheriff in Gand viking coastal defense > >> > unit. > >> > > >> > Do any of you know what was involved with being a sheriff in the Gand(?) > >> > viking coastal defense unit and what the defense unit was all about? > >> > > >> > thanks for any information provided. > >> > Deborah in Canada > >> > > > > > -- > http://www.nndata.no/home/jborgos/jborgos.htm (Norwegian front page) > http://www.nndata.no/home/jborgos/jborgose.htm (English front page)

Probably the name of the farm is correctly translated as Russian. I can´t say why. A russian person lived there once? I don´t know. But why he was called Ryss Lars Persson is easier. Lars is the son of Per. But there might be many Per with a son called Lars, so to seperate them the people in Dalarna were clever to say from which farm they came from as well. So this Lars is the son of Per from the farm Ryss. Some people have continued to keep this tradition even today. There is for example a Swedish singer called Busk Margit Johnsson. Jon Peterson wrote: > I am researching my great-great grandfather, Ryss Lars Persson, who came > from the Ryss gården farmstead in Gagnef Parish, Dalarna, in about 1868. I > am particularly interested in the "Ryss" part. I see it occassionally in > online family trees, and there often appears to be at least a geographical > connection to my ancestors. > I am trying to find out the origin of the name "Ryss gården" which > translates into English as "Russian garden" I think the menfolk took Ryss > as part of their name as a "farm name", to distinguish themselves from the > dozens of other Lars Perssons, Per Perssons etc that would have lived in the > parish at the same time. But why did they name their farmstead "Russian > Garden?" Just a pretty name? A genuine connection to Russia? Has anyone > else run into this in their research? I welcome any comments. > An interesting note: Ryss gården was more recently the home of the > Swedish Gospel singer Artur Erikson, who passed away on August 10, 2000. I > guess he was sorta the Swedish Lawrence Welk -- a generation before mine, > and not really my taste in music. But apparently he was quite well known in > the Sacred Music field. > -Jon Peterson > Minneapolis, MN

In my part of Norway (Nordland county) the lensmann was a tax collector, at least in the 1600's and most of the following century. He also had other tasks - making a registry of the things a deceased person left behind, doing inquiries if the higher authorities suspected that something unlawful had been done, and he also summoned people for the local court. At that time the lensmann job wasn't a profession. I guess the 'fogd' (bailiff) picked trusted persons for this job and changed the crew fairly often. In the 1800's the lensmann got more and more law enforcing tasks, and the real sheriff was borne. By the way, 33 years as a lensmann around 1700, that's a very long service! I've never seen more than 15 years that early. Johan deborah <lotus-land@home.com> wrote: >Hi Per >So the job of the sheriff was just to collect taxes? >Thanks for the explanation >Deborah > >Per Lilje wrote: >> Hi, >> That translation was "correct" word for word, but putting it together, it >> didn't give the right meaning. >> >> The original, early medevial meaning of the word skipreide was the area which >> through the "leidang" (military organization) was obliged to build, upkeep and >> man a (viking) ship. This existed from the viking age (it probably existed in >> parts of the country earlier, but according to the sagas, king Håkon den gode >> (??? this is from memory) about 950 instituted the "leidang" over the whole >> country, dividing all the coastal areas, and the inlands as far as the salmon >> went, into "skipreider"). This institution existed into the middle ages, but by >> the 15th century the small ships which the "skipeider" could provide proved >> militarily totally ineffective against the bigger and taller vessels potential >> enemies (especially the "kogger" of the Hansa), and the requirement to provide a >> ship with crew disappeared, and was in part replaced by a tax. However, the >> geographical meaning of "skipreide" continued to exist well into the 18th >> century. But this was as an administrative geographic unit, for example for >> having a "lensmann", i.e. bailiff/sheriff. It is not known how constant the >> borders of the skipreider stayed from the Viking age to the 18th century. The >> size of skipreider could vary quite a lot, but normally they would constitute a >> small number of parishes (2-5), so that there were a few skipreider (2-about 8) >> per county (fylke/amt). I.e. a skipreide was in size intermediate between >> today's "kommune" (municipality) and "fylke" (county). >> >> Per B. Lilje >> >> In article <39AAF952.12C2C89D@home.com>, deborah <lotus-land@home.com> writes: >> > I have an ancestor who is listed in the Høyland bygdebok as: >> > ...og var frå 1687 til 1720 lensmann i Gand skipreide >> > which translated with Tolken99 as: >> > ...and was from 1687 to 1720 sheriff in Gand viking coastal defense >> > unit. >> > >> > Do any of you know what was involved with being a sheriff in the Gand(?) >> > viking coastal defense unit and what the defense unit was all about? >> > >> > thanks for any information provided. >> > Deborah in Canada >> > > -- http://www.nndata.no/home/jborgos/jborgos.htm (Norwegian front page) http://www.nndata.no/home/jborgos/jborgose.htm (English front page)

Er det angitt noen slektsforbindelse mellom "Peiter av Tjøttø" og Petter Peitersen Dass ? Per Nermo - - - - On Mon, 28 Aug 2000 15:30:48 +0200, "Erik Lund" <erik.lund@sensewave.com> wrote: >Publikasjonen: "Ættebok for Petter Peitersen Dass og hans hustru Margrethe >Andersdatter", samlet av Øystein Angell Røtvold, Sarpsborg 1997, forteller >at foreldrene til Anna Jonsdatter Haar, som var gift med Trond Tordson >Benkestokk, var Jon Olsen Haar ( ? - 1534), gift med Sissel Peitersdatter. >Faren til Jon Olsen Haar var Ole Haar, gift med en etterkommer av >Mechlenburg. Faren til Sissel Peitersdatter var Peiter av Tjøttø, gift med >en etterkommer av Friis/Friisland.

Hi Per So the job of the sheriff was just to collect taxes? Thanks for the explanation Deborah Per Lilje wrote: > Hi, > > That translation was "correct" word for word, but putting it together, it > didn't give the right meaning. > > The original, early medevial meaning of the word skipreide was the area which > through the "leidang" (military organization) was obliged to build, upkeep and > man a (viking) ship. This existed from the viking age (it probably existed in > parts of the country earlier, but according to the sagas, king Håkon den gode > (??? this is from memory) about 950 instituted the "leidang" over the whole > country, dividing all the coastal areas, and the inlands as far as the salmon > went, into "skipreider"). This institution existed into the middle ages, but by > the 15th century the small ships which the "skipeider" could provide proved > militarily totally ineffective against the bigger and taller vessels potential > enemies (especially the "kogger" of the Hansa), and the requirement to provide a > ship with crew disappeared, and was in part replaced by a tax. However, the > geographical meaning of "skipreide" continued to exist well into the 18th > century. But this was as an administrative geographic unit, for example for > having a "lensmann", i.e. bailiff/sheriff. It is not known how constant the > borders of the skipreider stayed from the Viking age to the 18th century. The > size of skipreider could vary quite a lot, but normally they would constitute a > small number of parishes (2-5), so that there were a few skipreider (2-about 8) > per county (fylke/amt). I.e. a skipreide was in size intermediate between > today's "kommune" (municipality) and "fylke" (county). > > Per B. Lilje > > In article <39AAF952.12C2C89D@home.com>, deborah <lotus-land@home.com> writes: > > I have an ancestor who is listed in the Høyland bygdebok as: > > ...og var frå 1687 til 1720 lensmann i Gand skipreide > > which translated with Tolken99 as: > > ...and was from 1687 to 1720 sheriff in Gand viking coastal defense > > unit. > > > > Do any of you know what was involved with being a sheriff in the Gand(?) > > viking coastal defense unit and what the defense unit was all about? > > > > thanks for any information provided. > > Deborah in Canada > >

"Jon Peterson" <japetersonandsons@usfamily.net> skrev i meddelandet news:M2Kq5.2173$o5.440738@news.uswest.net... snip > I am trying to find out the origin of the name "Ryss gården" which > translates into English as "Russian garden". snip The translation of "gården" to "garden" is wrong. It translates to "farm". "Garden" is "trädgård" in Swedish. Kurt F

Hi, I would like to find living descendants to the following people who were siblings : 1. Ola JONSSON - Ancestral File Gender: M Birth/Christening: 12 Dec 1828 N Borringe Gustafs, Mlmhs, Swdn 2. Karna JONSSON - Ancestral File ** Gender: F Birth/Christening: 16 Jun 1834 N Borringe Gustafs, Mlmhs, Swdn 3. Lars JONSSON - Ancestral File (died at age 2) Gender: M Birth/Christening: 13 Dec 1839 Knutstorp Svedala, Mlmhs, Swdn 4. Lars JONSSON - Ancestral File (My great-great-grandfather) Gender: M Birth/Christening: 15 Jan 1843 Knutstorp Svedala, Mlmhs, Swdn 5. Kjerstina JONSSON - Ancestral File Gender: F Birth/Christening: 16 Feb 1837 N Borringe, Gustafs, Malmahs, Sweden (some of her descendants emigrated to Utah) Did these to people have children? Do they have living descendants? Husband's Name : Jon LAVESSON (AFN:CQWZ-N4) Born: Abt. 1830 Place: <N Borringe Gustafs, Mlmhs, Swdn> Married: 1 Aug 1860 **Wife's Name: Karna JONSSON (AFN:4L9L-6S) Born: 16 Jun 1834 Place: N Borringe Gustafs, Mlmhs, Swdn Married: 1 Aug 1860 Father: Jons LARSSON (AFN:4L9K-H7) Mother: Marna PEHRSSON (AFN:4L9K-JD) Nina Khmielnitzky nina_k73@hotmail.com _________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. Share information about yourself, create your own public profile at http://profiles.msn.com.

I am researching my great-great grandfather, Ryss Lars Persson, who came from the Ryss gården farmstead in Gagnef Parish, Dalarna, in about 1868. I am particularly interested in the "Ryss" part. I see it occassionally in online family trees, and there often appears to be at least a geographical connection to my ancestors. I am trying to find out the origin of the name "Ryss gården" which translates into English as "Russian garden" I think the menfolk took Ryss as part of their name as a "farm name", to distinguish themselves from the dozens of other Lars Perssons, Per Perssons etc that would have lived in the parish at the same time. But why did they name their farmstead "Russian Garden?" Just a pretty name? A genuine connection to Russia? Has anyone else run into this in their research? I welcome any comments. An interesting note: Ryss gården was more recently the home of the Swedish Gospel singer Artur Erikson, who passed away on August 10, 2000. I guess he was sorta the Swedish Lawrence Welk -- a generation before mine, and not really my taste in music. But apparently he was quite well known in the Sacred Music field. -Jon Peterson Minneapolis, MN

Hi, That translation was "correct" word for word, but putting it together, it didn't give the right meaning. The original, early medevial meaning of the word skipreide was the area which through the "leidang" (military organization) was obliged to build, upkeep and man a (viking) ship. This existed from the viking age (it probably existed in parts of the country earlier, but according to the sagas, king Håkon den gode (??? this is from memory) about 950 instituted the "leidang" over the whole country, dividing all the coastal areas, and the inlands as far as the salmon went, into "skipreider"). This institution existed into the middle ages, but by the 15th century the small ships which the "skipeider" could provide proved militarily totally ineffective against the bigger and taller vessels potential enemies (especially the "kogger" of the Hansa), and the requirement to provide a ship with crew disappeared, and was in part replaced by a tax. However, the geographical meaning of "skipreide" continued to exist well into the 18th century. But this was as an administrative geographic unit, for example for having a "lensmann", i.e. bailiff/sheriff. It is not known how constant the borders of the skipreider stayed from the Viking age to the 18th century. The size of skipreider could vary quite a lot, but normally they would constitute a small number of parishes (2-5), so that there were a few skipreider (2-about 8) per county (fylke/amt). I.e. a skipreide was in size intermediate between today's "kommune" (municipality) and "fylke" (county). Per B. Lilje In article <39AAF952.12C2C89D@home.com>, deborah <lotus-land@home.com> writes: > I have an ancestor who is listed in the Høyland bygdebok as: > ...og var frå 1687 til 1720 lensmann i Gand skipreide > which translated with Tolken99 as: > ...and was from 1687 to 1720 sheriff in Gand viking coastal defense > unit. > > Do any of you know what was involved with being a sheriff in the Gand(?) > viking coastal defense unit and what the defense unit was all about? > > thanks for any information provided. > Deborah in Canada >