>>Not unique, but uncommon for Western Europe. Yes but "uniquely" in the sense that none of Richard's supposed male line descendants, or any other known male line Plantagenet descendants for that matter, share this Y haplogroup, regardless of how common or uncommon it may be in Western Europe. Obviously there must be a disconnect somewhere. Why do genealogists insist upon arguing in favor of a theory based upon marital infidelity when it has no basis in fact. In law we call this a fishing expedition. The other alternative, which btw I am not ruling out, is that the particular type G Y-DNA passed on to the early Plantagenets pre-existed in Gaul before the Roman occupation of Gaul. This is of course a possibility. However, it sheds no light on the question why did they the Plantagenets then become the upstart kings? Sent from my iPhone