Various Howard families that settled in Massachusetts in the 1620s to 1640s, including my Howard ancestor Edward Howard (1616 to about 1688) of Boston, MA, originally from London, England belong to Haplogroup G. We do not have any paper trail to connect these various Howards, but they all have a belief they are descendants of the Dukes of Norfolk. If the haplogroup of the members of the House of Howard (Dukes of Norfolk) is indeed G, would perhaps the father or grandfather of King Richard III was really a Howard? Darrel Hockley