East Tennessee And The Civil War By Oliver P. Temple, 1899 588 pages Requires Adobe Reader 5.0 or higher to View $11.99 + $1.99 shipping and handling http://cgi.ebay.com/East-Tennessee-and-the-Civil-War_W0QQitemZ130351959919QQcmdZViewItemQQptZLH_DefaultDomain_0?hash=item1e59950f6f To a large extent, the American Civil War was fought in cities and farms of Tennessee; only Virginia saw more battles. Tennessee was the last of the Southern states to declare secession from the Union, but saw more than its share of the devastation resulting from years of warring armies criss-crossing the state. Its rivers were key arteries to the Deep South, and, from the early days of the war, Union efforts focused on securing control of those transportation routes, as well as major roads and mountain passes such as the Cumberland Gap. A large number of important battles occurred in Tennessee, including the vicious fighting at the Battle of Shiloh, which at the time, was the deadliest battle in American history (it was later surpassed by a number of other engagements). Other large battles in Tennessee included Stones River, Chattanooga, Nashville, and Franklin. Although the state became a part of the Confederacy, pockets of strong pro-Union sentiments remained throughout the war, particularly in the mountains in East Tennessee. The Vice President of the United States, Andrew Johnson, was a loyalist, as were a number of congressmen and state politicians. On the Confederate side, significant leaders included noted cavalryman Nathan B. Forrest and corps commanders Leonidas Polk and Benjamin F. Cheatham, as well as Governor Isham Harris CHAPTER I. THE WATAUGA ASSOCIATION. The first settlement in Tennessee— James Bobertson and John Sevier defend Fort Watauga—" The Watanga Association "—A majority of settlers Covenanters— Bevolationary War— Settlers ask North Carolina to be allowed to share in it and contribute their part of expense, 1 CHAPTER II. BATTLE OF KING's MOUNTAIN. Perilous condition of the patriot cause in North and South Carolina in 1780— Comwallis overruns the country— Insolent message of Colonel Feiguson— Sevier and Shelby agree to march across the mountains— Call on Colonel Campbell to join them— Sycamore Shoals— The long march — Campbell selected to command — Find Ferguson on King's Mountain— The battle— Effect of victory- Eulogy on Sevier, Shelby, William and Arthur Campbell, James BobertsonandJohnH^ton— Influence of their descendants, . . 18 CHAPTER III. THE EARLY INHABITANTS OF EAST TENNESSEE. Early inhabitants— Establishment of colleges and grammar schools- Cession of territory by North Carolina—'' Territory south-west of River Ohio "—Constitutional Convention of 179G— Bill of rights— Waste of public lands on railroad corporations— Folly of congress as to universal education— Land-owners the main stay of the Re- public—The women— Spinning and weaving— The Sabbath in eariy times— Political discussions— Religious controversies, . • .41 CHAPTER IV. THE FIRST INHABITANTS OF EAST TENNESSEE. East Tennessee described— Mental and moral condition of the valley people— They turn to religion— The Sabbath and Sunday Schools- People vindicated against misrepresentations— The great moun- tain regi<Hi lying beyond the valley, 62 (ix) CHAPTER V. SLAVES IN EAST TENNESSEE. Slaves and the slave trade — Men indifferent at first about the moral question involved — Emancipation societies appear in East Tennes- see—Names of originators— John Rankin — Dr. David Nelson — The first emancipation paper in the United States edited by Elihu Embree, at Jonesborough, Tennessee— Benjamin Lundy's '* Genius" published at Greeneville — Methodist Church strongly anti-slavery — Action of general conference in silencing Francis A. Harding and Bishop Andrew because slaveholders — ^The church separateft— Important influence of separation of churches in bring- ing on secession in the South, 83 CHAPTER VI.SLAVERY IN THE STATE OF TENNESSEE. Early Presbyterians were slaveholders — Commence emancipating their slaves — ^Legislature forbids emancipation — Introduction of slaves into the state for sale forbidden — Effort in Constitutional Conven- tion of 1834 to abolish slavery — Constitution closes the door to general emancipation — Slavery protected by Constitution of the United States and that of the state — No man bold enough to ques- tion slavery 106^ CHAPTER VII. POLITICAL CANVASS OF 1860. Excitement in political parties in 1860 — Old parties disintegrating^ Whig National Convention— Nominates John Bell— Democratic National Convention — Splits on the platform— Reassembles— One wing nominates Douglas, the other John C. Breckenridge— Re- publican party nominates Abraham Lincoln — Man of destiny — Presidential canvass in Tennessee — State votes for Bell— Mr. Lin- coln elected— Three members of Buchanan's cabinet active Seces- sionists— Major Andereon placed in command at Charleston — South Carolina secedes— Mr. Buchanan's vacillation— Fort Sumter— Holt, Stanton and Black in the cabinetr-*' Star of the West "—The '* Har- riet Lane" — " No power to coerce a sovereign state," • • . 121 CHAPTER VIII. THE FIRST GREAT POLITICAL FIGHT. Feeling of apprehension among the people — Friends of disunion demon- strative—Public meeting in Knoxville— Adjourned meeting— people of the country — Resolations tending toward disunion of- fered — Discussed by both sides — ^Persons taking part^ Union resolutions— Far reaching consequences — Other Union meetings follow — ^Distinguished character of men who participated, . . 147 CHAPTER IX. CAMPAIGN OF FEBRUARY, 1861. Governor Harris calls an extra session of the legislature— His mes- sage—Question of convention or no convention submitted — Candi- dates nominated on the Union ticket— Canvass described— People of Sevier county — Result in Knox county — In Sevier— In Roane — In East Tennessee— In the state — Convention defeated— Union "majority in the election, 167 CHAPTER X. SECOND CANVASS OF 1861. A second effort to detach Tennessee from the Union— Emissaries of secession active— Union leaders alert— Local leaders alone won the victory of February — Johnson, Maynard and Nelson— Grand Union meeting in Xnoxville— Addressed by Baxter, Maynard, Nelson, Trigg and Temple — Meeting of April 27th — Splendid can- vass—Johnson's and Nelson's joint canvass— Vast crowds— Work of the other leaders — Great Union meeting at Strawberry Plains — Last speech of the author at Concord — Declares for the Union in preference to slavery — Johnson and Nelson at Kingston — Vote in East Tennessee — Causes of success of Union leaders, . . . 179 CHAPTER XI. TENNESSEE ORDINANCE OF SECESSION. Governor Harris recommends a Declaration of the Independence of Tennessee and an Ordinance of Secession — Disregard of constitu- tion of state — An army of 55,000— Military league with Confeder- ate States— Revolution— Andrew Jackson, Sam. Houston, John Bell, Andrew Johnson and other great men — Address of Union leaders of Middle Tennessee— Vote in senate and house on Ordi- dinance of Secession — Names given, 205 CHAPTER XII. GUBERNATORIAL CONVENTION OF 1861. Delegates start to gubernatorial convention — Colonel Tumey's regi- ment of Confederate soldiers— The first in the state — Union con- vention— Ex-governor W. B. Campbell nominated— Declined— W. H. Polk snbetitated— Wild excitement in Middle Tennessee — Ex-governor Brown and Judge Brien— The old Whig and Dem^ ocratic leaders of Middle Tennessee — Some one accountable for carrying Tennessee into the vortex of revolution — Chiefest among them was Governor Harris — Whig leaders described — Mr. Bell sent to Enoxville— His speech— Interview with old friends, . • . 224 CHAPTER XIII ABOLUTIONISM. Abolition party— Free-soil party— Republican party— '' Garrisonian Abolitionists " — Abolitionists and BecessioniBts working toward the same end— Attempt to rescue Anthony Bums— Public meetings in Boston advocating violence— Addressed by Wendell Phillips and others—" The Boston Anti-man Hunting Society "—Jefferson Ran- dolph proposes emancipation in Virginia— Revulsion of feeling in slave stateft— Garrison's ' Liberator "—New England Anti-slavery Society— George Ticknor Curtis— Luxurious life of slaveholders — Difficulties in the way of emancipation— Senator Hammond— Fail- ure to execute the fugitive slave law— The ** higher law " doc- trine — John Brown— Mr. Webster on the non-execution of the fu- gitive slave law— Alexander Stephens to Mr. Lincoln — A portion of the people of both sections blamable for the civil war, • • 245 CHAPTER XIV. 8ECESSION. The right of secession denied— Robert E. Lee's opinion — Mr. Jeffer- son's resolution of '98 — ^Nullification the parent of secession — Con- troversy between the two sections reviewed — Annexation of Texas — ^Acquisition of territory by the Mexican War — Compromise meas- ures of 1850— Repeal of Missouri Compromise — ^Extension of slavery— Slavery defeated in Kansas— Was there a sufficient jus- tification of secession— Legislation of government all favorable to slavery — ^New guaranties offered — Amendment to constitution — Unpopularity of Abolitionists in 1861, • . . . . . 275 CHAPTER XV. THE CAUSES OF SECESSION Causes of secession— Antagonistic opinions between the North and the South — Diverse interests — Mutual reproaches — Two adverse Systems of dTDisation— Mr. Iverson's epeech— Loss of political power by the Sonth — Incompatibility of the two people--Slayery to be the oorneretone of a new government— Slavery in no danger in 1861 — Mr. Lincoln's assurances—Independence out of the Union — The blow is stricken— Wisdom of Mr. Lincoln — Does not master a man — Ck>nfederacy probably would have succeeded but for the firing on Sumter— Certain free states violated the constitution — Mr. Stephens denies that these were sufficient alone to justify se- cession — People of the North ready for any concession — Character of Southern men— Tribute to Southern women, • • . . 907 CHAPTER XVI. THE KNOXVILLE-ORBSNEVILLE CONVENTION OF 1861. Call for a convention of Union men— Meets in Knoxville — Speeches of Johnson, Nelson and Arnold — Adjourns to meet again — Meets in Greeneville— " Declaration of Grievances " — A majority favors ex- treme measures — Published history of convention — Original min- utes—Mr. Nelson's resolutions— A substitute offered— Both re- ferred back to committee — Substitute adopted— Its purport— Com- missioners named to memorialize the legislature — Mr. Nether- land's speech — Mr. Nelson— Design and effect of ** substitute " — Memorial to legislature— Remarkable nature of this conven- tion 341 CHAPTER XVII. BURNING THE BRIDGES. Unpleasant condition of Union people of East Tennessee — Commenced going North— W. B. Carter proposes to bum railroad bridges— Be- lief of Union people promised— General Robert Anderson as- signed to this work. Succeeded by General Sherman — Expedi- tion under General Thomas — Carter selects his assistants— The bridges burned— Persons engaged— Strawberry Plains bridge — Gathering at Watauga and in Sevier county — Folly of burning these bridges, 366 CHAPTER XVIII. EXECUTIONS AND IMPRISONMENTS. Alarm caused by burning the bridges — A general uprising expected — Confederate troops sent to East Tennessee— Union men arrested — Benjamin's order — Five bridge burners hanged— Court-martial organized — Condemnation of Harrison Self— His daughter appeals to Mr. Davis — ^Union men sent to prison at Tuscaloosa— Noble con- duct of Confederate officers, 388 CHAPTER XIX. THE FIGHT. Bitterness in 1861 against Union men — ^Mr. Davis' desire to be just- Extracts from letters of Confederate officers— Unionists arrested for political opinions— Protests of distinguished Confederate citi- zens — Arrests instigated by local leaders— Seizing arms of Union men — ^Enforcing conscript law — Flight of Union men — ^Notice of pUots, 412 CHAPTER XX. WAITING OVER THE BORDER. Mr. Lincoln's desire to relieve East Tennessee — General Buell suc- ceeds Sherman— Views of Sherman — Mr. Lincoln and General McClellan urge Buell to advance — General Thomas— General Zol- licoffer— Battle of Fishing Creek— Way open to East Tennessee- General Grant takes Fort Henry — Surrender of Fort Donelson — Battle of Shiloh — Confederate lines forced Southw&rd — Way again open to East Tennessee — Importance to the Confederacy of hold- ing East Tennessee^ 432 CHAPTER XXI. THE RETURN. Exiles in Kentucky — East Tennessee Union soldiers at Cumberland Gap — General E. Kirby Smith and General Bragg start to Ken- tucky— Buell follows— Gap abandoned — Long retreat— Suffering of army — ^Battle of Perryville — ^East Tennessee soldiers in battle of Stone River— With Thomas at Chickamauga— General Bumside leads an army to East Tennessee— Knoxville evacuated — Almost despair of people — Colonel John W. Foster dashes into the tovm — General Bnmside's army enters — ^Tumultuous rejoicing— The old flag hoisted— Description of scenes by Colonel Foster — Further wanderings of the exiles— Four hundred on board the " Sultana " — Vessel blows up — Most of them are lost— Annual re-union of the survivors, 464 CHAPTER XXII. THB SEIGE OF KNOXVILLE. General Burnside ordered to Chattanooga — Fails to go— Cnmberland Gap SurrenderB — General Longstreet sent to capture Knoxrille — Bumside falls back— Fight at Campbell Station— Siege of Knoz- ville — Sherman sent by Grant to the relief of Bumside— Assault on Fort Sanders— Longstreet repulsed— Mr. Lincoln proclaims a general thanksgiving for that event— Longstreet retires— Scarcity of provisions— ThankQgiving dinners— Loyal people of the French Broad saved Knoxville — Colonel Doughty— Thrilling incidents connected with the assassination of Mr. Lincoln— Sad fate of Col- onel Bathbone and Clara W. Harris, 486 CHAPTER XXIII. THB SEIGE OF KNOXVILLE — (CONNTINUED. Knoxville never completely invested— Longstreet misled by inaccurate maps— The reason Fort Sanders was selected for the assault— Sher- man returns— Gordon Granger's corps remains— Longstreet halts east of Knoxville — Remains until springs— People driven to Knoz- ville to avoid starvation— General Gimnt visits En9zviUe — Cam- paign contemplated up the French Broad or the Valley of East Tennessee — Interesting incidents connected with siege of Knoz- ville — ^Mary Love and John T. Brown, 505 CHAPTER XXIV. THE RETURNED UNION SOLDIERS. Good effects of the civil war— A practical education— The soldiers learned obedience, subordioation, faithfulness— East Tennessee soldiers returned home better men — Soon filling all the important county offices— Union and Confederate soldiers live together in peace— Soldiers of East Tennessee described — ^Honesty of motives of Union men in joining Federal Army — No eziles or refugees in the North, 525 CHAPTER XXV. ANTESCEDENTS OF UNION PARTY IN EAST TENNESSEE. Were supporters of General Jackson— White's supporters become Whigs— Names of distinguished Whig leaders in East Tennessee — Names of Democratic leaders — The Whig party one of wealth and education — What Mrs. Jefferson Davis said of Mississippi— Changes in the two political parties— A majority of Whigs were Union men— Three-fifths of Democrats vote for the Union— Overwhelm- ing weight of talent on the Union side— Two parties finally ahout equal, 535 CHAPTER XXVI. WHY WERE THE PEOPLE OF EAST TENNESSEE LOYAL IN 1861? Under certain conditions, better for the people of East Tennessee to have gone with the SoUth — The reasons for their coarse — Princi- ples involved— No sufficient cause for secession — Views of Whig party — ^Easy to be a Union man in the North — ^Danger and odium in the South— People opposed to secession — ^Love of country-^ Hated changes— Drew their inspiration from Clay and Jackson — Influence of local leaders— Common people loyal, • • • • 544 APPENDIX. Declaration of grievances adopted at the Greeneville Convention, . 565 List of delegates to Greeneville Convention, 572