This is a Message Board Post that is gatewayed to this mailing list. Classification: Query Message Board URL: http://boards.ancestry.com/mbexec/msg/an/He.2ADE/1302.1 Message Board Post: i have john howells family line from the time he arrived in north carolina on up to the 1950s. this was from research done by a mrs. harper who was a florist in atlanta, she has been dead for a good many years. i will check what i have and see if it is the same family. my grand mother was a howell, her father william austin howell they were from douglas county. some of them predate 1830 but go back to the mountains of western north carolina. thank you and may God bless you. franklin blair carrollton, ga.

Spanish American War pensions are indexed online at ancestry.com with the Civil War Pension index. If you are not a subscriber to ancestry.com, I will be look up a name for you. Eileen B. McAdams -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Anti-Virus. Version: 7.0.338 / Virus Database: 267.9.4/57 - Release Date: 7/22/2005

Wilkinson County GaArchives Military Records.....Civil War Pension Index - Wilkinson County Ga. - Pension ************************************************ Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/copyright.htm http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/ga/gafiles.htm ************************************************ File contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by: Eileen B. McAdams http://www.rootsweb.com/~archreg/vols/00011.html#0002655 July 22, 2005, 2:22 pm Civil War Pension Index - Wilkinson County Ga. Civil War Pensions, Wilkinson County, Ga (list compiled by Miriam Brown; Baldwin County additions by Eileen B. McAdams) asterisk - can be found online at http://docuweb.gsu.edu/scripts/webmain.dll?Anonymous under Baldwin County Veterans, town, *A. J. Allen, Milledgeville, Baldwin County A. O. Allen W. H. P. Anderson J. D. Bales *Henry T. Beck, Milledgeville, Baldwin County *J.(John) H. Beck, Milledgeville, Baldwin County J. H. Bloodworth *Thomas Bloodworth, Milledgeville, Baldwin County E. A. Brack, McIntyre *Daniel Brewer, Milledgeville, Baldwin County J. J. Butler, Irwinton Lawrence Butts L. A. Cason, ToomsboroM. Davis E. J. Denson, Allentown Dennis Doke J.T. Dupree, Gordon W. S. Elam *Herschel V. Etheridge, Milledgeville, Baldwin County C. E. Fraseur W. B. Freeman E. T. Gilmore *Henry Goodman, Milledgeville, Baldwin County S. A. Hatfield, Irwinton T. D. Hefner, transferred to Waynesboro J. A. Jailette, McIntyre Offey Jerkins, Macon J. R. Kelly, Gordon Ira S. King, Jr. A. T. Kingery W. D. Lyles, Macon J. I. Matthews Barney McAdams, Gordon D. A. McCook M. O. McMullen H. S. Mercer, Toomsboro M. N. Pace, Gordon C. C. Parker B. F. Pate, Sr., Irwinton J. L. Robinson Joel A. Smith, Danville B. I. Stevens, H. T. Stinson, Gordon J. A., Stuckey, Danville W. I. Thipgen, Toomsboro B. Wynn J. B. Yarbough Widows, town Nancy J. Allen, Macon Nina B. Barclay, Gorodn Annie J. Batchelor, Gordon-Augusta R. J. Batchelor, Gordon Martha E. Beall, Jeffersonville *Elizabeth Bloodworth Beck, Milledgeville, Baldwin County E. A. Brack, McIntyre M. C. Branan, Gordon *Annie E. Brewer, Milledgeville, Baldwin County M. J. Cannon, Irwinton Martha V. Cason, Toomsboro D. J. Caulley, Allentown W. H. Caulley, Allentown E.E. Colins, Irwinton Margaret Crutchfield Miram Davis S. J. Day, Toomsboro Sudie T. Denson, Valdosta Bettie Dixon, Toomsboro S. M. Dixon, Toomsboro Martha Dominy *Nancy A. Farmer (E.N. Farmer) Milledgeville, Baldwin County M. E. Fountain, Gordon R. J. Fountain, Irwinton V.A. Fraseur, Gordon Mollie Freeman, Toomsboro Mollie J. Gee, Allentown *C. C. (William W.)Golden, Milledgeville, Baldwin County *Alice W. Goodman (Henry Goodman) Milledgeville, Baldwin County J. R. Green, Allentown Elizabeth Grenade, Ivey Amelia Hall, Irwinton M. A. Hall, Danville M.E. Hall, Toomsboro Winnie Hall, Danville Anna Hartley, Irwinton L. J. Harville, Toomsboro M. E. Harville, Macon Ada Hatfield, Irwinton Laura Hatfield, Irwinton B. R. Hill, Irwinton Mariah Holder, Ivey *Louisa Lavendar, Milledegville, Baldwin County Sarah Lee, Danville W. L. Massengill, Gordon Lizzie D. Miller Bettie Pace S. J. Sanders, Gordon Malinda Sapp Frances H. Smith, Montrose Lizzie Smith, Toomsboro Lucretia J. Stuckey, Allentown Elizabeth Thompson, Toomsboro Elizabeth Wall, Irwinton P. M. Ward (J.T. F. Brooks) S. C. Ward, Jeffersonville, transferred to Jeffersonville M.J. Weaver, Toomsboro Martha Whalen, Danville Rebecca J. Williams, Allentown Emma Wood, Irwinton Josie Wright, Toomsboro Susan Wright J. B. Yarbrough, Danville Additional Comments: Records are at the Georgia Department of Archives in Morrow, Ga. and Washington Memorial Library in Macon, Ga. File at: http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/ga/wilkinson/military//pensions/civilwar945mt.txt This file has been created by a form at http://www.poppet.org/gafiles/ File size: 3.9 Kb

There is a widow M.J. Cannon of Irwinton listed as a Confederate pension recipient. Does anyone know who is her spouse? Paul Reddick -----Original Message----- From: GAGenWeb Archives <archives@poppet.org> To: GAWILKIN-L@rootsweb.com Sent: 22 Jul 2005 18:22:23 -0000 Subject: [GAWILKIN-L] Ga-Wilkinson Co. Military (Civil War Pensio) Wilkinson County GaArchives Military Records.....Civil War Pension Index - Wilkinson County Ga. - Pension ************************************************ Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/copyright.htm http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/ga/gafiles.htm ************************************************ File contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by: Eileen B. McAdams http://www.rootsweb.com/~archreg/vols/00011.html#0002655 July 22, 2005, 2:22 pm Civil War Pension Index - Wilkinson County Ga. Civil War Pensions, Wilkinson County, Ga (list compiled by Miriam Brown; Baldwin County additions by Eileen B. McAdams) asterisk - can be found online at http://docuweb.gsu.edu/scripts/webmain.dll?Anonymous under Baldwin County Veterans, town, *A. J. Allen, Milledgeville, Baldwin County A. O. Allen W. H. P. Anderson J. D. Bales *Henry T. Beck, Milledgeville, Baldwin County *J.(John) H. Beck, Milledgeville, Baldwin County J. H. Bloodworth *Thomas Bloodworth, Milledgeville, Baldwin County E. A. Brack, McIntyre *Daniel Brewer, Milledgeville, Baldwin County J. J. Butler, Irwinton Lawrence Butts L. A. Cason, ToomsboroM. Davis E. J. Denson, Allentown Dennis Doke J.T. Dupree, Gordon W. S. Elam *Herschel V. Etheridge, Milledgeville, Baldwin County C. E. Fraseur W. B. Freeman E. T. Gilmore *Henry Goodman, Milledgeville, Baldwin County S. A. Hatfield, Irwinton T. D. Hefner, transferred to Waynesboro J. A. Jailette, McIntyre Offey Jerkins, Macon J. R. Kelly, Gordon Ira S. King, Jr. A. T. Kingery W. D. Lyles, Macon J. I. Matthews Barney McAdams, Gordon D. A. McCook M. O. McMullen H. S. Mercer, Toomsboro M. N. Pace, Gordon C. C. Parker B. F. Pate, Sr., Irwinton J. L. Robinson Joel A. Smith, Danville B. I. Stevens, H. T. Stinson, Gordon J. A., Stuckey, Danville W. I. Thipgen, Toomsboro B. Wynn J. B. Yarbough Widows, town Nancy J. Allen, Macon Nina B. Barclay, Gorodn Annie J. Batchelor, Gordon-Augusta R. J. Batchelor, Gordon Martha E. Beall, Jeffersonville *Elizabeth Bloodworth Beck, Milledgeville, Baldwin County E. A. Brack, McIntyre M. C. Branan, Gordon *Annie E. Brewer, Milledgeville, Baldwin County M. J. Cannon, Irwinton Martha V. Cason, Toomsboro D. J. Caulley, Allentown W. H. Caulley, Allentown E.E. Colins, Irwinton Margaret Crutchfield Miram Davis S. J. Day, Toomsboro Sudie T. Denson, Valdosta Bettie Dixon, Toomsboro S. M. Dixon, Toomsboro Martha Dominy *Nancy A. Farmer (E.N. Farmer) Milledgeville, Baldwin County M. E. Fountain, Gordon R. J. Fountain, Irwinton V.A. Fraseur, Gordon Mollie Freeman, Toomsboro Mollie J. Gee, Allentown *C. C. (William W.)Golden, Milledgeville, Baldwin County *Alice W. Goodman (Henry Goodman) Milledgeville, Baldwin County J. R. Green, Allentown Elizabeth Grenade, Ivey Amelia Hall, Irwinton M. A. Hall, Danville M.E. Hall, Toomsboro Winnie Hall, Danville Anna Hartley, Irwinton L. J. Harville, Toomsboro M. E. Harville, Macon Ada Hatfield, Irwinton Laura Hatfield, Irwinton B. R. Hill, Irwinton Mariah Holder, Ivey *Louisa Lavendar, Milledegville, Baldwin County Sarah Lee, Danville W. L. Massengill, Gordon Lizzie D. Miller Bettie Pace S. J. Sanders, Gordon Malinda Sapp Frances H. Smith, Montrose Lizzie Smith, Toomsboro Lucretia J. Stuckey, Allentown Elizabeth Thompson, Toomsboro Elizabeth Wall, Irwinton P. M. Ward (J.T. F. Brooks) S. C. Ward, Jeffersonville, transferred to Jeffersonville M.J. Weaver, Toomsboro Martha Whalen, Danville Rebecca J. Williams, Allentown Emma Wood, Irwinton Josie Wright, Toomsboro Susan Wright J. B. Yarbrough, Danville Additional Comments: Records are at the Georgia Department of Archives in Morrow, Ga. and Washington Memorial Library in Macon, Ga. File at: http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/ga/wilkinson/military//pensions/civilwar945mt.txt This file has been created by a form at http://www.poppet.org/gafiles/ File size: 3.9 Kb ==== GAWILKIN Mailing List ==== Check out your Family lines at WORLDCONNECT: http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/

i,am trying to get a copy of a marriage record that occared in wilkinson co, ga ,the marriage was james goodman and sarah bradley 12/18/1834, i,am hoping there may be some useful info, on it as to who their parents may be, if anyone in wilkinson or close by can do this i,am willing to pay a reasonable fee. idella

This is a Message Board Post that is gatewayed to this mailing list. Surnames: Dixon, Stokes Classification: Query Message Board URL: http://boards.ancestry.com/mbexec/msg/an/He.2ADE/1254.1 Message Board Post: Since my initial post, it now appears that Romulus Dixon was actually the son of Harriet Dixon, and not Sampson Dixon & Savil Stokes. Per the 1850 census, Harriet Dixon heads her household, & is mother of Romulus, Martin & Roannah Josephine. In 1850, 1860 & 1870, she is listed as residing beside widow Savil Dixon, presumably her mother. In 1880, Harriet Dixon, when asked of her marital status, indicates "widow" for the census taker. If true, this would make Harriet Dixon a daughter-in-law to Sampson & Savil Dixon of Wilkinson County. My question: Did Sampson & Savil Dixon have a son that married Harriet, and died in the 1840s?

This is in todays Macon Telegraph at http://www.macon.com/mld/macon/12153691.htm Posted on Sun, Jul. 17, 2005 Balls Ferry backers hope work can start soon on park By Tim Sturrock Telegraph Staff Writer History will soon be recaptured on the Oconee River in Wilkinson County, where an American revolutionary once spirited people across the water and where Confederate soldiers fought Union troops. These events are among the pieces of history that will be featured when 500 acres near what was once Balls Ferry becomes Georgia's fourth historic state park. Wilkinson County Commission Chairman Dennis Holder said he hopes development to create the park will begin next year. "It is one of the best regional projects in the state of Georgia," he said. According to a feasibility study by Georgia Tech, it would cost the state $10.5 million over a five-year period to give the park a natural history center, canoe and kayak rentals, hiking trails, rest rooms, bathhouses, cottages and full-service camp sites. In May, the Balls Ferry Historical Park Association, made up of a group of residents and leaders from five midstate counties, used federal money to buy the 500 acres from a timber company. After some of the larger pine trees are cut this summer, the land will be donated to the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Holder said. Kim Hatcher, a DNR spokeswoman, said it's uncertain when money will be available to develop the land. Holder said the Balls Ferry Historical Park Association has $500,000 that can be used to start some development. Jack Weeks, a landscape architect with the DNR, said the land along the river is full of trees and should be preserved. "There are some interesting small isolated wetlands on the site that should be preserved and serve as some interesting opportunities for environmental education," Weeks said. Weeks said that further survey could reveal archaeological finds, such as a stone fish trap that was discovered, left from a time when Indians lived in the area. "It wouldn't be surprising to find some evidence (of Indian culture) on this particular site," he said. Jimmy Lord, a member of the Balls Ferry Historical Park Association, said American revolutionary John Ball began ferrying people across the Oconee in 1806. Land near the river was the site of skirmishes between the Confederate soldiers and part of Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman's Union army. In 1864 when Sherman marched across Georgia, the right wing of his army fought Confederate soldiers there. Seventy-five years later, in 1939, Ga. 57 was built across the Oconee, and the ferry stopped being used, Lord said. Until that time, the ferry was the main way to get from Wilkinson County to Johnson County. "It just brings you back in time," Lord said of the site and the river. "The Oconee River looks like nobody touched it. You can't help but feel like you're back in those times." Holder said the idea for the park came out of a committee intending to enhance the county. According to a feasibility study by Georgia Tech, the park would create 108 temporary construction jobs and 235 new jobs to the region. The study also said construction would bring in a one-time $4.3 million to the region and $2.92 million in additional annual income. The project would add $224,000 to Wilkinson County's tax digest, the study concluded. Wilkinson County administrator Laura Mathis said the park is just one piece of the puzzle for a county dealing with a downturn in the kaolin industry. Although Wilkinson County suffered some loss to its tax digest, in the last few years it's grown to the highest it's been since 1994. "It's part of an overall package of things that are in the works," she said of the park. "I don't think anyone thinks it's going to be the saving grace of the county, but it's certainly an asset not only to county but also to the region." -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To contact Tim Sturrock, call 744-4347 or e-mail tsturrock@macontel.com. -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Anti-Virus. Version: 7.0.323 / Virus Database: 267.8.16/50 - Release Date: 7/15/2005

Were any of these Keen's possibly in GA in the 1800s?? Some of the names sound kind of faminliar, common names yes, but mine were in GA.... Thanks, TINA KEENE PEDDIE/CA ----- Original Message ----- From: <shirleykeen@peoplepc.com> To: <KEEN-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Saturday, July 16, 2005 6:08 PM Subject: [Keen] Re: Keen/Smith Families KY and Tx. > This is a Message Board Post that is gatewayed to this mailing list. > > Surnames: Keen and Smith > Classification: Query > > Message Board URL: > > http://boards.ancestry.com/mbexec/msg/rw/VSm.2ACIB/795.1 > > Message Board Post: > > My husband's grandfather, James Washington Keen, was a brother to Bud > Keen. If you are still interested, I would love to exchange information > with you. I have quite a bit of Keen info but not much on Bud. You may > email me at shirleykeen@peoplepc.com > > > > ============================== > New! Family Tree Maker 2005. Build your tree and search for your ancestors > at the same time. Share your tree with family and friends. Learn more: > http://landing.ancestry.com/familytreemaker/2005/tour.aspx?sourceid=14599&targetid=5429 >

Allene Thigpen Thompson Allene Thigpen Thompson, 96, of Savannah passed away, Friday morning, July 8, 2005 at Hospice of Savannah after an extended illness. Mrs. Thompson was born, April 21, 1909 to the late Calvin Eason and Frances Tucker Thigpen in Emanuel County. During her earlier years she lived in the Wilkinson County area. She was pre-deceased by her husband, Earnest Ferrel Thompson. She is survived by three daughters, Frances Lipscomb of Savannah, Dorothy Harvell and husband, Rudolph of Bainbridge and Ernestine Haselden and husband, Carl of Scranton, SC; eight grandchildren; 13 great-grandchildren and two great-great-grandchildren; several nieces and nephews. Visitation will be held the day of the service from 10:00 - 11:00 a.m. at Adams Funeral Home. Funeral service will be held at C. Homer Adams Memorial Chapel, Monday morning, July 11, 2005 at 11:00 a.m. Rev. Von Waters will be officiating. Interment will follow at Salem United Methodist Church Cemetery in Wilkinson, County. Adams Funeral Home Dublin (478) 272-4141 Savannah Morning News, July 10, 2005 This is the obituary of my grandmother, Alice Allene Thigpen Thompson. As stated, her parents were Calvin Eason Thigpen and Frances Savannah Tucker Thigpen. My grandfather, Earnest Ferrell Thompson, was the son of William Columbus Thompson and Amelia Colson Thompson.

This is a Message Board Post that is gatewayed to this mailing list. Surnames: Pennington, Bloodworth, Kingery, Thompson, Etheridge, Nunn Classification: Query Message Board URL: http://boards.ancestry.com/mbexec/msg/rw/He.2ADE/1328 Message Board Post: Does anyone have the listing for the Pennington Cemetery in Wilkinson County. Or does anyone know when it will be surveyed and put online?

This is a Message Board Post that is gatewayed to this mailing list. Classification: Query Message Board URL: http://boards.ancestry.com/mbexec/msg/rw/He.2ADE/1327 Message Board Post: My DAVID EDWARD MARION SMITH is listed on AL census records as born in GA, birth date 15 March 1834, parents and GA county unknown. At some point in time he/they went to AL where he married CATHERINE A. SMITH (possible daughter of John W. or Thomas Smith) on 29 March 1855. They lived and died in Chambers Co., AL and all their 14 children were born there. Their last child Ada, born 1877, married a man named Jones. She/they died in Ellabelle, Bryan Co., GA, childless as far as I know. Please contact me at pepperjaq@sbcglobal.net as ANY clue or suggestion would be very much appreciated. THANKS! Bettye in CA

From The Wilkinson County Post: " The annual Snow Hill Cemetery Reunion will be held Wednesday, July 27, 2005 at Snow Hill Cemetery near Gordon in Wilkinson County. Anyone having loved ones buried there or just anyone who would like to join us for fellowship is encouraged to come and bring a picnic lunch to be shared beginning at 12:30 p.m. A caretaker for the coming year will be hired. The Trustees of the cemetery are: Buddy Bridges, Chairman; Jimmy Youngblood, Secretary and Treasurer; Matt Fountain; Florence Granade; Gail Granade; Fred Harris; I.T. Jeanes; Fernie Snow; and Rufus Snow. " -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Anti-Virus. Version: 7.0.323 / Virus Database: 267.8.12/46 - Release Date: 7/11/2005

*Hi All: Because I think the Godfrey Library online is one of the best, most cost-efficient genealogical resources around, I am passing on this info I just received. (Annl cost for an online subscription is only $35! They have MANY census records online plus much much more!s) .... *Tina* ** READ BELOW: ** Godfrey Library News 9 July 2005 Checkout our new website at: www.GodfreyLibrary.org ........................................ Getting the most from our Online Resources: Marquis Who's Who The Marquis Who's Who online resource is a goldmine for genealogists. It contains detailed biographical sketches of individuals from 1607 to the present. Note that you can search not just for the 1.2 million individuals featured but also for their parents, spouses, children and their spouses. You can search this online resource using any combination of variables: surname, first name, city, state, occupation, religion, keyword etc. It is updated daily. Give it a try. ........................................ Having trouble logging in? Need help with a technical question? Be sure to consult our Frequently Asked Questions page. See our FAQ's at: http://www.godfreylibrary.org/faqs.htm ........................................ NEW: Godfrey Scholar Library Logo Briefcase The Godfrey Library is proud to offer our new durable briefcase carrying bag. It is black (looks like leather), with plenty of space and 7 extra pockets; carrying handles and a detachable shoulder strap. The library's logo and name are imprinted on the bag. Bag size is 16"W x12"H x4"-6"D. It replaces our familiar canvas tote bag. This is the carrying bag that you will use and rely on for years to come. If you renew now (or sign-up) for 2 (two) years, we will send you the briefcase carrying bag for free ($10 value). Renew right now online at: www.GodfreyLibrary.org or call us at: 860.346.4375 (9am to 9pm, Mon through Sat). ........................................ Library expands its collection of Family Bibles The Godfrey Library has added 45 Family Bibles to its collection this month. These Bibles contain genealogical data from families across the country. Over the next month we will catalog them and make them available to researchers. We will also include a list of the families in an upcoming issue of the Godfrey Update (print) to make it easy for you identify the Bible that you would like to research. The Godfrey Library is unique in that it preserves the original Family Bible. Most institutions simply remove the title and family data pages and destroy the Bible itself. If you have a Family Bible that you would like preserved, please send it to the Godfrey Library. ........................................ For more information about the Godfrey Memorial Library please contact: Thomas Jay Kemp, Director Godfrey Memorial Library 134 Newfield Street Middletown, CT 06457-2534 Tel. 860.346.4375 FAX 860.347.9874 Library@Godfrey.org This message is sent to members of the Godfrey Memorial Library and others who have requested to receive our occasional mailings. If you wish to be removed from this announcement list please send a message to: unsub@Godfrey.org -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _______________________________________________ Godfrey_news mailing list Godfrey_news@auto-graphics.com http://lists.auto-graphics.com/mailman/listinfo/godfrey_news

This is a Message Board Post that is gatewayed to this mailing list. Surnames: Doty Classification: Query Message Board URL: http://boards.ancestry.com/mbexec/msg/an/He.2ADE/155.417.559.555.1 Message Board Post: Would like to share/exchange any Doty family info. you have. Jeff Given So. IL jmgiven@shawneelink.net

This is a Message Board Post that is gatewayed to this mailing list. Surnames: Brown Classification: Query Message Board URL: http://boards.ancestry.com/mbexec/msg/an/He.2ADE/1326 Message Board Post: I am searching for Thomas J. Brown (b. 1827) who married Clarissa Horton (b. 1828). He also married Missouri Dykes (b. 1848) They had a son Richmond Frank Brown.

This is a Message Board Post that is gatewayed to this mailing list. Classification: Query Message Board URL: http://boards.ancestry.com/mbexec/msg/rw/He.2ADE/978.1.2 Message Board Post: Was this Day related to Peter Day in SC. Thanks betleyoun@hotmail.com

I've put 18 photographs on the Wilkinson County American History and Genealogy Project website so far this month. 15 of these are from Leslie Antley (bless you). Also I posted 1923-1926 death notices. See http://www.georgiagenealogy.org/wilkinson/ Enjoy Eileen Babb McAdams -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Anti-Virus. Version: 7.0.323 / Virus Database: 267.8.10/43 - Release Date: 7/6/2005

The annual Mt. Carmel Cemetery reunion will be held on Saturday July 23 at noon. Bring a covered dish for all to enjoy. For further info contact Milton Criswell at 478-947-2485. -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Anti-Virus. Version: 7.0.323 / Virus Database: 267.8.10/43 - Release Date: 7/6/2005

This is a Message Board Post that is gatewayed to this mailing list. Surnames: SNOW, MCCOOK Classification: Query Message Board URL: http://boards.ancestry.com/mbexec/msg/an/He.2ADE/978.1.1 Message Board Post: I am trying to confirm reunion @ SNOW HILL Cemetery for July 27, 2005 do not know what time.

I am looking for information on William WEST who was in Wilkinson County 1820. Any information useful and helpful.