Pupils of Enniskillen Royal School. F.C.-Fellow Commoner. P.-Penioner. Siz-Sizar. 1641.Jas. Montgomery.eldest son of Robert.born Enniskillen.20 years.old. Siz. 1663.Thos.Madden.F.C.son of John.Esq.b.Endfield.Middlesex.17 years. 1664.Geo.Brookes.F.C. son of Henry.Knt.19.years.b.Dublin 1664.John.Horster.P.son of John.Mil.OFF."Centurio." 18 years.b.Omagh. 1664.Chas.Lesley.F.C. son of Rev.Fr.in Christ,John.Clogher.14.y.born??????? 1666.Peter.Wybrants.son of Peter.Alderman. 16 years.born Dublin. 1667.Geo.Carlrton.son of Geo.Esq. 16 years.b.Nuell.Co.Oxford. 1668.Mich.Finglass.Siz.son of George.16 years.born Enniskillen. 1668.Walter.Smith.P.son of John.Clk.16 years.born Ripon.Co.York. 1668/9.Maurice.Duncan.P. son of Patrick.17 years.born Co.Down. 1669. Robt.Whitelaw.Siz.son of William.19 years. born Co.Fermanagh 1671.Robt.Hassard.P. son of Wm.Hassart. {sic.}17 years.born Co.Fermanagh 1677.Edward.Davis.P. son of William.Esq.16 years.born Co.Fermanagh 1677.Robert.Brisbane.P. son of Robert.18 years.born Co.Tyrone. 1678.Nich.Brown.P.son of John.Gent.17 years.born Co.Fermanagh. 1678./9. Adam.Nixon.P.son of George.17 years.born Co.Fermanagh. 1679.Henry.Smyth.P. son of William.15 years old.born Co.Fermanagh. 1679.Richard.Smyth.P. son of Willaim.17 years.Co.MONAGHAN. 1679.Alex.Hamilton.P. son of William.18 years.born CO.tYRONE. 1680.Jas.Hamiltom.P. son of William.18 years.born Dublin. 1681.Thomas.King.P.son of Jas.of Corrard.18 years. born Co.Fermanagh.He was given the living of Swords by his cousin,Archbp.King.imprisoned by King James Govt in Newgate,Dublin, 1689.died.1709. 1681. Allen.Maddison.P.son of John. 18 years old.born Co.Fermanagh. 1681.Mathew.Buchanan.son of George.19 years.born Co.Dunegal. 1682.John.Conollu.Siz.son of Patrick.17 years.born Co.Dunegal. 1682.Andrew.Hamilton.P. son of Patrick.16 years.born Co.Tyrone. 1682.Richard.Nisbit.son of James.18 years.born Co.Donegal. 1682.Alex.Hutton.son of John.18 years.born Co.Fermanagh. 1683.Arthur.Galbreath.P. son of John.Esq.18 years. born Co.Tyrone. 1684. Jas.Browning son of William.Gent.16 years.born Co.Fermanagh. 1684.John.Stewart. son of John.Gent.25 years.born Co.Antrim. 1684.Enoch.Grey.son of Thomas.Gent.20 years. 1684.Henry.Wray.F.C.son of Edward.Esq.19 years.born Mullingar. 1684.John.Lesley.P.son of John.Doctor of Theology,of Tullecleagh,Co Fermanagh. 16 years old.born Purtown.Co.Fermanagh. 1684.John.Hume.F.C.son of John.Knt.of Ballyhose.Co.Ferm.18 years.b.Ballyhose. 1684.Thos.Moutray.P. son of John.Gent.19 years. born Athamoiles.Co.Tyrone. 1684.Richard.Cooper.F.C. son of Edwd.Esq.17 years.bornMarkray.Co.Sligo. 1685.Richd.Martin.P. son of Chris.Gent.16 years. born Enniskillen. 1685.Wm.Pockrich.son of Edwd.Gent.18 years.born Kilmore. 1688.John.Barlow.P.son of Raph.Minister.18 years. born Aghnomallagh 1688.Henry.Lynge.P. son of George.Gent.19 years.born Harnaharpy 1688.John.Creichtoune. son of Abraham.Gent.19 years.born Co.Fermanagh 1695.Thos.Forbes.P. son of John,Sexton and Elementary S'master "Ludi Magistellus."18 years.born.???? 1695.Andrew.Nixon.P. son of George.Gent.19 years.born Co.Fermanagh. 1699-1700.John.Horster.P. son of Wm.Blacksmith.18 years.b.Enniskillen. 1700.Thos.Roscrow.P. son of William.17 years.born Eniskillen. 1703.Wm.Carleton. P. son of Lanslet.Esq.16 years old.born Enniskillen. 1703.Louis {Ludovicus.}Carleton.P.son of Gustavus,Mil.Off.{Tribunus.Militum.} 18 years.born Eniskillen. 1703.Lancelot.Carleton.P.son of Chris.Gent.{Lieut.in 1688.}18.y.bornEniskillen 1703/4.Patk.Moor.Siz.son of Willaim.a Farmer."Agricola.19.y.b.Inismore.Ferm. 1703/4.Eugene.Wynne,P. son of Louis"Ludovus."17 years. born Hoxford. 1705.James.Richardson.P. son of Thomas.Gent.16 years. born Co.Tyrone. 1705.John.Holiott.P. son of John.Gent.16 years.born Chester. 1705.Wm.Creichton. son of John.Esq. 16 years. born Ayre.Scottland 1706/7.Thos.Wallis.son of Adam.Gent.16 years. born Co.Wexford. 1708.John.Humphries.Siz.son of Wm. a fARMER"Colonus."19.y.b.near Iniskillen 1708.Louis.Folliot.P. son of John.Mil.Off.Tribunus."16.y.b.Co.Donegal. 1708.John.Hume.P.son of George.Clk.18 years.Ruthin.Wales. 1709.James.Cathcart. son of Louis.Gent.17 years.born Scandilly. 1711.John.Kerr.Siz. son of Hugh.Gent. 19 years. bornBlacklaugh.Co.Cavan. 1711.Richard.Dane.Siz.son of Paul.Gent.17 years.born Eniskillen. 1711.James.Humes.P. son of George.Clk.15 years. born Eniskillen. 1713.George.Gregory.Siz. son of Samuel.18 years born Eniskilling. 1716.Margetson.Armar.son of Wm.Decanus.16 years. born Co.ANTRIM. 1717.mARTIN dANE.sIZ. SON OF pAUL A fARMER"Colonus"18.y.b.Eniskillen 1718.John.Dundas.P. son of John.Gent.16 years.born Dublin. 1720.John.Dixon.P. son of Yhos.Esq.17 years born Bellashanin. 1724/5.JohnForster.P.son of James.Gent.18 years.born Iniskillen 1726.John.Cole.F.C. son of John.Milt.Off. 17 years.born Dublin. 1726.Ralph.Grattan.P. son of Rev.Wm.17 years. born Mountcharles. 1726.Wm.Henderson.P.son of Henry.Gent.19 years.Raphoe. 1727.Daniel.Jackson.P. son of John.Clk.17 years. born Dublin. 1727.Randolph.Crawford.P.son of Wm.Gent.18 years.bornSnowhill.Co.Ferm. 1729.Thomas.Mitchell.P. son of Andrew.Clk.16 years. born Enniskillen. 1739.Newburgh.Higginbottom.P. son of Ralph.Clk.19 years.born Co.Cavan 1740.William.Veiatch.P.son of JohnGent.17 years, bornCo.Cavan. 1740.John.Roscrow.P.son of Thomas.Gent.17 years.born Enniskillen. 1740.John.Hamilton.P.son of John.Gent.19 years.bornCo.Monaghan. 1741.Thos.Stepheny/Stephens.Siz. son of Richard.Mercht.21.y.b.Co.Leitrim. 1742.Arthur.French.P. son of Arthur,Gent. 16 years,bornDublin. 1745. Latouche.Vincent.P. 1745.Richard.Stone. 1745.Richard.Runworth.P.son of Peter.Clk. 17 years. born C.Cork. 1745.?Kennedy.F.C. 1745.???????Blashford.P. 1746.George.Cuppage.P.son of John.Gent.16 years. Co.Antrim. 1746.Wm. Luther.P. 1746.Wm.Morrison.P. 1746.Wm.Phillips.P. 1746.Thomas.Kinsbury.P. Laurence.Grace.Siz. son of Thomas.Gent 17 years. Dublin. 1746.Ginkin.Lovely.Siz. son of Robert.Mercht..18 years.born Dublin. 1746.Richard.Cookman.P 1747.Joseph.Robbins.P. 1747.Samuel.Madden.P. 1748.Wm.Clarke.P. 1748.Thomas.Pippard.P.son of John.Gent.18 years, born Dublin. 1748.jOHN.gIBSON.p.son of Samuel.Clk.17 years.bornnear Armagh 1748.Wm.Major.P. 1748.Samuel.Aldwell.Siz. 1748.Mungo.M'Intosh.Siz. 1750.Loftus.Cathcart.P. 15 years. born near Enniskillen. 1750.Worthington.Morgan.P. son of Thomas.17 years.bornDublin. 1750.George.Nesbit.P. son of James.Milt.Off. 18 years. born North. 1750.James.Johnston.P. son of Adrew.a farmer."Colonus."16 years. born? Henry Francis.Lyte, author of Abide with me. was a pupil about 1803. and there is so much more,there is monumental inscriptions, more school records etc, if anyone wants me to do look-ups I will but I am slow.when I get time I will put in other details to give an idea of what is on this fiche.It covers Enniskillen. Has members of parliment- tombstones. freeholders-it has many names. from Belinda.Gin Gin.QLD. Australia. P.S.I have the Index for assisted immi. from Kent to Sydney. 1844-1859. and Index to probationary convicts to Sydney and Moreton Bay.1849-1850.

Irish Birth Entries: Name, Sex, Fathers Name, Mothers maiden name, place of residence; fathers occupation, name of registrar, registration district; Marriage Entries: Date; name of groom; name of bride; place of residence before marriage; occupation/s; fathers name groom, fathers name bride, (later entries give maiden name of mother also); intended future permanent residence. Death Entries: Date; Name, Surname; sex; marital status, age, cause of death, name of person who reported death and where death occurred., registrar's district. Marriages for Protestants were registered from 1845 onwards. Civil registration for all was introduced in 1864. All registrations pre 1922 can be obtained from Dublin,those post 1922 for the 6 counties in Northern Ireland are to be obtained from Belfast. Not everyone followed the new law and bothered with registratoin. There seems to have been even less of an inclination to register deaths compared to births and mariages. The register indices are very 'thin' pre 1880 compared to from then on and when one considers the differences in population this tells its own story. To the best of my knowledge the Dublin office will do a limited search for an entry. You have to have a year for the record and a limited search may cover the two years before and two after if the entry is not found in that year. A limited search covers a 5 year period inother words. A limited search currently costs one pound and fifty pence Irish punts in Dublin. A fee of one pound and fifty pence is then charged for a copy of the entry from the register books. Each search costs one pound fifty....and each entry one pound fifty. If you are looking for Thomas Devine from for example the Strabane registration district, and the office finds ten Thomas Devines, none in the exact period you are looking for then the search will still cost one pound and fifty pence, but each entry will cost one pound and fifty pence. I do not know how they deal with a situation like this, whether they will tell you that there are ten or just send you the one which fits in closest with your information. If you are looking for Thomas Devine and his sister Mary both born in a five year period...the search will cost one pound and fifty pence per name. The fact that the researcher will be covering the same five register indices is irrelevant. One name per search. If you are in the registration office in Dublin doing your own searching...it still costs you one pound and fifty pence per name. You can always pick out all those other names you are interested in for that period and write down the references....but they will only copy the entries for the people of the first name you have paid for a search for. Dublin will only do five entry copies in any one day for any one person , this is a result of too many people looking for too many copies per day and the office being understaffed to cope with the demand. They will however, take all other requests for copies, with the payment and post them out to you in time. Postage is included in the costs. Just takes a little longer. If you have a whole bunch of names you want to check, then your best bet is to employ a professional genealogist...or doo it yourself. Currently Dublin offers what is called an unlimited search for a period of 6 hours....either one days searching or two mornings, at a cost of twelve pounds and fifty pence Irish. For this sum the person who is searching can work on however many names they want to from any and all register indices. They may still only request a limited number of entries for that day, but there is no limit on the names. They may still order as many entries as they want to be posted to them. Words of warning: A limited number of Christian names were in use in Ireland, we have many surnames which are extremely common, particularly in some areas. I have found that I would have approx a 75% rate of hits. Meaning that the entry I get seems to be the one I was looking for...and the others are just history, other people of teh same name registered in the same district at teh same time as the person I was looking for..... People did not have to register an even immidaitely after it happened. I think it is a three month period. Some events may have happened in one year or quartr but may not have been registered until the next. Searching in th eGRONI in Belfast was more limited than in Dublin. You need to make an appointment a few days in advance for a limited search and a few months in advance for an unlimited search. I don't know if this still applies. Also the GRONI did not copy entries as in Dublin, but only issued copies of full certs or short forms of certs. Jane

Cont. from Enniskillen Parish and Town: W.H. Dundas, ExShc. B.D. T.C.D. 1913 CHOLERA About 1832 cholera made its appearance in Enniskillen and continued its ravages for some years. The assessments for coffins for the poor and for foundlings shows its progress. 1829: Coffins £12; Foundlings £15 4s 1d 1833: coffins £16; Foundlings £24 1834: Coffins £30; Foundlings £20 1835: Coffins £6; Foundlings £34 1832, Apr. 16th "At a meeting of the inhabitants - householders of the town of Enniskillen for the purpose of appointing officers for health for the prevention of the spreading of contagious diseases, Hon. And Rev. J. C. Maude in the chair. Rev. J.C. Maude, Rev. James Sheil, Dr. Maguire, Dr. Betty and Mr. Geo. Wood were appointed. Thirty pounds were assessed on the town part for the cleansing &c of the town." 1832. Aug 28th. 1833. "Resolved that in consequence of the town having been visited with contagious disease, and the reasonable fear which exists of its extending to a serious amount, if not checked by every attention to the poor of the town, £200 be assessed upon the town part, to meet the present emergency under 59 of George III as amended by 2 William IV. That the following committee be requested to co-operate with the board of Health in the expenditure of above sum into effect. Mr. Keys, Mr. Halliday, Mr. Duffey, Mr. McDonnel, Mr. Ingoldsby, Mr. Hall" 1833: A balance of £20 remained or the £200. Thanks were given to the late officers of health for their very active and indefatigable services rendered to the public during the past year. Officers appointed: Rev. Mr. Maude, Rev. Mr. Sheils, Mr. Geo. Wood, Mr. Ed. Duffey, Dr. H. Collum. 1834 " Rev. J.C. Maude having applied to Government to know how far it may be legal to tax the town part exclusively, and the Law Officer of the Crown having given it as his opinion that the Assessment for cholera expenses should be general, the Assessment was relinquished. Proposed by Mr. Kittson, seconded by Mr. Hall, that a subscription be immediately entered into. Officers appointed - Rev. Mr. Cleary (Curate), Rev. mr. Gormley, Dr. Maguire, Dr. Frith, Dr. Gamble, who were to collect subscriptions and write to all the neighbouring country gentlemen to solicit their aid under the present emergency" Some change in the law is marked by the next entry: 1834. "On June 16th a Vestry was held pursuant to a precept received from the Lord Lieutenant for the purpose of electing officers of health. The following being Parishioners were elected: Hon. And Rev. J.C. Maude, Rev. Mr. Gormley, Peter Maguire, Esq. M.D., Baptist G. Frith, Esq., M.D., Mr. Christopher Gamble." The Vestry rate which in 1784 was 8 ¼ d. in the £, had been greatly increased in later years; in 1829 it was 3s.7d. reduced in 1830 to 1s. 11d. A spirit of opposition now arose, especially in the country part, and many refused to pay. The Easter Vestry of 1835 apploted for coffins: £16; Foundlings, £34, Vestry Clerk , £10; Parish Constable at Enniskillen, £3, same at Tempo, £3; and Beadle at Enniskillen, £3. But on June 1st the majority of the parishioners present at the Vestry was decidedly against the assessment made at Easter for these purposes. The Vestry adjourned sine die, so far as these items were concerned. The was the last vestry at which assessments were made. The Poor Law Act (Ireland) was not passed until 1838, and there is no information as to how paupers were buried during the intervening years. About the same time the ‘Church Temporalities Act (Ireland)’ of 1833 and 1834 came into operation. By this Act the number of Archbishops was reduced to two and of Bishops to ten, and the revenues of the suppressed sees went towards the expenses of building and repairing churches, providing requisites, such as fire, lights and elements, and paying salaries of clerks, sextons and organists. These had previously been defrayed by vestry Assessments. An Act was passed in 1832 making composition for tithes permanent and compulsory. Previously they had been paid in kind, i.e. a portion of the produce was taken where there was tillage; and so improved cultivation of land was discouraged. Besides, it was paid by the occupier, who might be a Presbyterian or a Roman Catholic. A commission consisting of Mr. William Frith (Cross Lodge) and Mr. Archiibald Collum (Tullyharney) having valued the tithes of Enniskillen at £550, the vestry agreed that this sum should be paid yearly to Rev. J. C. Maude, Rector and Vicar, and his successors in lieu of Tithe. By the Tithe Rent Charge Act (1838) it became payable by the owners of the land. After a few years (1852) it was found that a fund was needed of £40 yearly for "paying part of the organists salary and the choir, keeping the churchyard in order, and other necessary matters. Towards raising this sum a scale of fees was fixed for Monuments and for graves of extra Parochial persons; Per holders were to be solicited to contribute from 5s to 20s by the year; and the Churchwardens were requested to call on the several members for subscriptions! MILITIA During the great War with France the Military Ballot Act was put in order to draw men for the Militia. The power of doing so always exists and the Act is only suspended from year to years. Each Parish was required to furnish a certain ‘quota’ or number under penalty of a fine for every man short of the quota. 1794: Vestry, for the purpose of making provisions for the wives and children left behind by such persons as have been balloted into the Fermanagh Militia, belonging to this parish - £10 to be levied. 1795 Vestry, for the purpose of assessing the Parish with £6 per man for the Quota to be furnished by the Parish of Enniskillen, to make up the Augmentation of the Militia prescribed by the Act of Parliament. Resolved that £60 be levied off the parish at large. 1806 Vestry, for laying on money to compensate the parish officer for providing the quota of men to be furnished by this parish under the Defence; it was agreed to assess £6 16s 6d. GRAVEYARD The Vestry also made regulations about burials which sometimes took place within the church. In 1677 the Sexton’s fees were fixed thus: "Sexton for the tyme being shall have out of every family…yearly at Easter 4d sterling for every christening; and for ringing the bell at every burial 4d; for makynge a grave without the church 6d; and for a grave within the church twelve pence" In 1711 it was enacted that "Noe person shall from henceforth be buried within the church of Enniskillen without paying the some of twenty shills. Ster., which twenty shall be to defray the Minister’s and Clerk’s dues, and repairing the broken ground, and the use of the church; and the said some to be paid to the minister before the ground be broken" The graveyard was closed in 1882, by order of the L.G.B. (????), the right of burial being reserved for a few persons. The Parish possessed another burial ground, Cornagrade graveyard which was vested by William Willoughby, Earl of Enniskillen, in Samuel Clarke and Geo. Black, Churchwardens in 1852, and their successors, as a burial ground for the town of Enniskillen.

-----Original Message----- From: Jane O'Brien <jayohbee@iol.ie> Date: 27 February 1999 06:05 Subject: How they lived: Costume Pt. 2 >Cont from Life and Traditions in Rural Ireland: Timothy O'Neill. >Publ 1977. >---------------------------------------- >William Good who came to Ireland as a Missionary in the 1560’s wrote: >"They generally go bare headed save when they wear a head piece, having a >long head of haire, with curled gleebes, which they highly value and take it >hainously if one twitch or pull them. They wear linnen shifts, very large >with sleeves down to their knees, which they generally dye with saffron. >They have woollen jackets, but very short; plain breeches close to their >thighs; and over these they cast their mantles or shag-rugs - fringed with >an agreeable mixture of colours, in which they wrap themselves up and sleep >on the ground. Such also do the women cast over the garment which comes >down to their ankles, and they load their heads rather than adorn them, with >several ells of fine linen rolled up in wreaths, as they do their necks with >necklaces and their arms with bracelets. > >By the 17th Century English Law and influence began to spread more and more >outside the Pale. ‘The civil assemblies at the assizes sessions’ wrote Sir >John Davies ‘ reclaimed the Irish from their wildness; caused them to cut >their glibs and long hair, to convert their mantles into cloaks; and to >conform themselves to the manner of England in all their behaviour and >outward forms’ Traditional dress amongst men was dropped in favour of >contemporary English fashion. This continued more and more into the 18th >Century. By the time of the 19th century a style of men’s dress had evolved >which was to become almost a national costume. This consisted of tightly >fitting knee breeches, a ‘swallow-tail’ coat, a Caroline hat and brogues or >hob nailed boots. By the 19th C coats were almost invariable made of >frieze, but the colour varied. Blue was the most popular with many variants >. Breeches were usually made of dark corduroy and sometimes of frieze. >Waistcoats increased in fashion and were made of corduroy, frieze or cotton >known as Manchester cotton. Buttons were made of brass. Woollen stockings >are described as blue, white or brown and shirts invariable white or blue. >But..with poverty much of the population was dressed in rags in the 19th >century. Clothes regardless of fashio0 were worn for a long time and being >frequently patched, people generally presented a tattered appearance. With >patching, hard wearing friezes could last a man a lifetime when poverty >prevented people buying new clothes. > >The passing on of garments is often seen in will abstracts. > >Of Women: Luke gernon wrote in 1620: >"I proceed to theyr gowns…..they have straight bodyes, and long wasts, but >theyre bodyes come no closer but to Th. middle of the ribbe, the rest is >supplyed with long lacing, from the topp of their breasts, to the bottom of >theyre plackett, the ordinary sort have only theyre smockes between, but the >better sort have a silke scarfe about theyre neck, which they spread and >pinne over theyre breasts. On the forepart of those bodyes they have a sett >of broad silver buttons of goldsmiths worke sett round about. A sett of >those buttons will be worth 40s. Some are worth £5. They have hanging >sleeves, very narrow, but no arming sleeves other than theyre smocke >sleeves, or a waistcoate of stripped stuffe, only they have a wrestband of >the same cloth, and a lyst of the same to joyne it to their winge, but no >thing on the hinder part of the arme least they should weare out theyr >elbowes. The better sort have sleeves of satten. The skirt is a piece of >rare artifice. At every bredth of three fingers they sew it quite through >with a welte, so that it seemeth so many lystes put together. That they do >for strength, they girde theyr gowne with a silke girdle, the tassell >whereof must hang down poynt blanke before the fringe of theyr >peticotes……They beginne to wear stockins coloured, but they have not >disdayned to wear stockins of raw whyte frise, and broges. They weare theyr >mantles also as well within doors as without. Theyr mantles are commonly of >a browne blew colour with fringe alike, but those that love to be gallent >weare them of greene, redd, yellow and other light colours, with fringes >diversified. An ordinary mantle is worth £4, those in the country which >cannot go to the price weare whyte sheets mantlewise. I would not have you >to suppose that all the Irish are thus strangely attyred as I have >described. The old women are loath to be shifted out of theyr ancient >habitts, but the younger sort, especially in gentlemen’s houses, are brought >up to resemble the English, so that it is to be hoped, that the next age >will weare out these disguises." > >Even in the 19thC the tight laced bodice and the wide skirt, sometimes in >one piece were common. While descriptions of women’s clothes can be >generalised it has been said that ‘the inhabitants of one barony are easily >distinguishable by their peculiar dress from another’. Women’s dress in the >last century showed greater continuity with ancient Ireland than men’s. The >hooded cloak, the garment evolved from the great mantle of antiquity, was >popular and made of many colours, surviving only as a black cloak in west >cork to the middle of this century. Originally cloaks were made of coarse >frieze, but gradually finer fabrics became more popular and broadcloth and >pilotcloth were used. Married women usually wore some form of covering on >their heads. Small linen or lace caps, muslin caps, high cauled mop caps and >handkerchiefs of various colours were worn. Single women generally went >bareheaded and shoes when worn were usually of the brogue type. In some >districts footless stockings were worn and during the century cotton >stockings became fashionable for the more affluent. Frieze was as popular >with women as with men. Druggets and flannel were also popular while cotton >came into common use in the last century. Gowns of cotton or linen were >often worn over skirts of frieze or drugget and when working these garments >were generally turned up and fitted into the waist band. The garment often >called a red petticoat could be described as a skirt and was expected to be >seen. > >Barrow describing women in the Headford area of Co. Galway wrote >"The females in this part of the country as well as in Connemara, wear short >red jackets and petticoats, the former reaching a little below the waist; or >a gown is sometimes superadded, generally tucked up, as if purposely to show >the bright red garment underneath" > >These were even sometimes worn as shawls over the head. Neck scarves were >popular as were small shoulder shawls, which were usually worn over a >blouse, the end being tucked inside the waistband of a skirt. Larger shawls >also became popular in the last century and these replaced hooded cloaks as >the normal outer garment in many areas. > >Children’s clothes were scaled down copies of adults clothes. Small boys >commonly wore dresses until the age of seven, and little boys and girls were >indistinguishable except in the way their hair was cut. The explanation >offered was that this was to confuse the fairies who sometimes took small >boys away to the land of youth. > >We are told of Irish embroidery in the early heroic literature, but nothing >survives from this period. In a later period lace making, crochet, ornate >knitting and sophisticated silk weaving were carried on and pieces survive >showing the craft and skill of their makers. > >Dressing up in unusual costumes formed part of the traditional celebrations >on holidays and special occasions in Ireland. There was also ritual >concerning the manufacture and use of ordinary clothes. Spinning, fulling >and even knitting were traditional processes carried out by groups of >neighbours and such meetings became occasions of enjoyments and gaiety. >These often ended with a dance, a special meal and singing or storytelling. >There were also unwritten rules about clothes. Best were usually described >as Sunday clothes and were always worn to mass. In many areas it was >considered unlucky to wear a new garment until it had been first worn to >Mass. > >Donegal and Aran jumpers were originally knitted by men > > >

Someone recently found material relating to Tithe defaulters in the Nat'l Archives in Dublin. Unfortunately, they don't include Co. Fermanagh. Does anyone know if any records were kept for the Tithes in Fermanagh? I do NOT mean the assessment taken in the 1820s, but a record of actual monies collected or not collected from people? Janet C-S

Extracted from : Enniskillen Parish and Town: W.H. Dundas, ExShc. B.D. T.C.D. 1913 ------------------------------- Enniskillen Church of Ireland Parish Notes: The vestry used to meet at Easter, and o other occasions when necessity required. The business chiefly consisted of the appointment of two Churchwardens (one for the Corporation and one for the Parish at large), two sidesmen or assistants to the Church wardens, and Surveyors of Highways; and the applotting of cess (Which the Churchwardens and Sidesmen had to collect) for church requisites and repairs and for relieving the poor. In some parishes the Vestry also apploted a cess for the repair of roads but this does not appear to have been done in Enniskillen. Churchwardens formerly had many duties which do not fall to their successors, and, when appointed, they could not refuse to act without showing good reason. A copy of their warrant as issued in 1794, is inserted in Vestry Book no. 2, and runs thus: "We do hereby Impower you and each of you that you collect and receive the sum of……..being the County part of the annexed assessment mentioned and charged by the vestry, and if any of the several Inhabitants shall refuse to pay the money charged to them by said assessment, We do hereby Impower you to levy the same by distress and sale of their goods, returning the overplus after deducting the charge for levying the same, and for your doing this shall be your Warrant. Given under our hands and seals this day of….. 17 " Signed and sealed Robt. Hassard They did not always get a friendly reception, as is shown by the minutes of 1782: - " Whereas it appears that the Country Churchwardens (those appointed to represent the part of the Parish lying outside the Corporation) have been insulted in the execution of their office; Resolved that the parish will support their Churchwardens and prosecute at their own expense such persons as shall be guilty of such outrages" The cess was laid on the Parish in the proportion of 1/3 on the Corporation and 2/3 on the parish at large. From 1775 the Country Warden was allowed £1.6s 0d for his trouble in collecting his part; in 1795 the Wardens were granted 1s in the £. A valuation was made in 1731 amounting to £310 for the town (including Tonystick) and £1,366 for the country part; though mention has been made several times of a new valuation, this remained practically unchanged until 1835. The Wardens were relieved of an unpleasant part of their duties when cesses ceased to be levied; but new work was found for them, as the minutes of 1838 record: "As it appears that an Act of Parliament was passed (1836) giving certain powers to Overseers of Public Houses, Resolved that the Churchwardens of the Town and Country now appointed, are further nominated to perform these duties" Until the time of the Rev. Dr. Magee the custom was for the Vestry to elect the two Wardens: he, however, claimed the right of appointing one as Rector, which Is the rule since Disestablishment. The entry in 1861 read : "That Dr. G. Mahood and Mr. John Lemon be appointed as Churchwardens" but he changed it to read "Mr. John Lemon as appointed Churchwarden for the town part by the Rector" Accordingly in 1862, 63, 64 Hazlett Betty, Robert keys and Edward Gamble were appointed by the Rector. FOUNDLINGS Providing for deserted children was one of the duties of the Vestry. In 1737 £10 was applotted for the maintenance of Foundlings. In 1738 the Curate or Minister was empowered "to pay the sum of one pound ten shillings to any person who shall convict and apprehend any person whatsoever who shall leave in a clandestine manner a child upon the parish so as to become a charge thereupon." In 1757 the Wardens were to get someone "to carry a foundling to the Foundling hospital". In 1767 and often "a foundling to Poorhouse". Overseers were appointed from 1825 to provide for the maintenance of children exposed and deserted. In 1833 foundlings were required to appear at the Vestry; and in 1865 occurs the last appointment of these overseers (which entry is crossed out). The naming of such children let to many curious devices as when we read in 1770:"Bapt. Margaret Tempo, a foundling." In the register of Magheragall occur the names of Stooks and Hay. POOR These were also under the care of the vestry. In 1750 £3 was voted for the relief of two distressed orphans. Lists of the Poor who were to get the collections are inserted in 1739 and 1741 and in 1774 it was agreed: "That the following persons be appointed a Parochial Committee to inspect into the state of the Poor and to make a return to Rev.Mark noble, Treas. Of the organisation for badging the poor, of the names of such persons as shall be by them thought proper objects for Badges and Licences - Alex Ross Haxle Irvin George Clark Wm. Hudson David Whitten Rich. Frith Wm. Frith Robt. Campbell Paul Dane John Thompson John Cluff Wm. Moffitt Sam Beatty Peter McManus Philip Maguire Edward Kearnan This was done in accordance with 11 and 12 George III, c. 30 (Irish) entitled "An Act for badging such poor as shall be found unable to support themselves by labour, and otherwise providing for them, and for restraining such as shall be sound able to support themselves by labour or industry from begging" This Act was amended by 13 & 14 George III c. 46. By it a Corporation was formed in each county, with the Bishop of the Diocese, as President, and the members of Parliament, Mayors, Justices, etc. as members, by whom badges and licences to beg were granted to deserving poor unable to work. Houses of industry were also founded under this Act, and Parish Constables or "Bang Beggars" appointed to remove sturdy beggars to them To be cont………

Extracted from Life and Traditions of Rural Ireland: Timothy O'Neill. Publ 1977: ---------------------------------- Costume Nothing impresses a tourist more than the sight of someone dressed in national costume. Many romantics have wished for an Irish National costume, but there is no accepted for of national dress. Irish nationalists at the end of the last century in common with their counterparts in western Europe were eager to establish their separateness in dress as well as language, customs and habits. The erroneous idea of the kilt being traditionally Irish began and tartans became popular due t the activities of the Gaelic revival movement. Many of the rebellion leaders of 1916 were seen wearing them. In 1908 Eamonn ceannt wore a kilt when playing the uileann pipes for the Pope, but this attempt failed. It is ironic that knee breeches, tail coats and Caroline hats for me, and cloaks, red petticoats, shawls and aprons for women which were popular at the time, were not considered because they lacked the distinctive Irishness which was essential to those interested in the subject. The Irish poor were often caricatured in this garb. Any descriptions of costume in Ireland is an account of traditional dress which in other circumstances might have become a national costume. Although there are few remains of textiles or fabrics of any kind from prehistoric Ireland, there is evidence that by the bronze age a sophisticated form of weaving had evolved. Bronze age fabric made from unspun horsehair and found at Armoy, Co. Antrim, is woven in a herring bone twill design, and weaving combs and spindle whorls have been found which indicate and extensive knowledge of weaving in the Iron Age. The first indication of the type of dress worn is to be found much later on. Earliest Irish Dress’ is the usual name given to this apparel. There is nothing to indicate when this became popular but whatever their origin there were two styles in pre Norman Ireland. It has been suggested that one form in indigenous while the other was introduced by the Celts. The two forms were worn by distinctive social groupings. The mantle and the tunic worn by the upper classes and the jacket and trews worn by the young and active lower orders. The mantle was a large woollen sleeveless outer garment usually Semi-circular or rectangular in shape and fastened with a brooch or pin either side of the neck or on the shoulder. This could wrap around the body and could both cover the head and reach down to the ankles. The tunic was an inner garment, resembling a shirt, often with wide hanging sleeves and dyed yellow; it reached the knee and fastened with a crious or belt. The second form of dress is mentioned on the high crosses at Monasterboice. The trews or trousers were generally tight fitting and varied in length between full and knee length; little is known about the jackets….some were short with a pleated skirt about a foot long, while others were short, coming only to the waist. Some were collarless while others had roll collars. It is assumed that women’s dress in this period differed little from the male costumes and the mantle and tunic were definitely favoured by gentlewomen. A wide variety of bright colours were worn and a person’s place in society was determined by the number of colours he as permitted to wear. Peasantry and soldiers were only allowed wear one colour, military officers and private gentlemen too, commanders of battalions three, self sufficient farmers in clientship to a Lord and keepers of houses of hospitality four, the principle nobility five, the bards and masters of the arts of poetry, law and learning six; and kings and princes of royal blood seven. Red, purple and yellow were greatly favoured, blue, green brown, grey, black and golden are also recorded. Wood was a source of blue dye, and an extensive knowledge of vegetable and mineral dyes was a feature of life and tradition in rural Ireland. Further decoration was added to these clothes by embroidery, trimmings, fringes and stripes. Wool was the most popular material, but linen and silk clothes were also woven Shoes, as some writer remarked, are probably as old as feet and were worn in pre-Norman Ireland at least by the more prosperous. At no period in Irish history could it be said that the Irish as a whole went barefoot and there is a vast amount of evidence to show that footwear was common. It has been suggested they there was more barefootedness in the country in the poverty stricken 19thC than at any other time. Lucas has divided archaeological survivals into 5 different categories. All except the fifth type are made from a single piece of rawhide or leather. Tanning methods were well known in Ireland from earliest times, but in all periods tanned as well as untanned shoes were used in different areas and perhaps by different classes. The earliest evidence for a built up shoe with a separate sole is in the 16th or 17th C. Shoes worn by the native Irish were invariably known as brogues, though no clear distinction between brogues and shoes can be drawn. Brogues were usually described as crude and were always cheaper to buy. The crafts of making each were also separate, and nailed boots were introduced from America in the 19th C. Of all aspects of traditional Irish dress, some of the shoes made in the early Christian period are the most beautiful in design and workmanship. Hats and hood of various types were also popular and the cloaks with hoods attached were distinctively Irish.

This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --part0_919970213_boundary Content-ID: <0_919970213@inet_out.mail.aol.com.1> Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII --part0_919970213_boundary Content-ID: <0_919970213@inet_out.mail.apc.net.2> Content-type: message/rfc822 Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit Content-disposition: inline Return-Path: <SHAMROCK-L-request@rootsweb.com> Received: from rly-yd04.mx.aol.com (rly-yd04.mail.aol.com [172.18.150.4]) by air-yd02.mx.aol.com (v56.26) with SMTP; Thu, 25 Feb 1999 00:52:27 -0500 Received: from bl-30.rootsweb.com (bl-30.rootsweb.com [207.113.245.30]) by rly-yd04.mx.aol.com (8.8.8/8.8.5/AOL-4.0.0) with ESMTP id AAA24698; Thu, 25 Feb 1999 00:52:20 -0500 (EST) Received: (from slist@localhost) by bl-30.rootsweb.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) id VAA11760; Wed, 24 Feb 1999 21:50:00 -0800 (PST) Resent-Date: Wed, 24 Feb 1999 21:50:00 -0800 (PST) Message-ID: <002201be6082$f8d6e340$7289dfd1@ajandme> From: "Mary & Gus Ellis" <ajandme@apc.net> Old-To: <SHAMROCK-L@rootsweb.com> Subject: Leitrim, Cavan and Fermanagh. PRONI Outreach Date: Wed, 24 Feb 1999 21:51:52 -0800 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3155.0 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3155.0 Resent-Message-ID: <"Zp92ID.A.pzC.9RO12"@bl-30.rootsweb.com> Resent-From: SHAMROCK-L@rootsweb.com X-Mailing-List: <SHAMROCK-L@rootsweb.com> archive/latest/7976 X-Loop: SHAMROCK-L@rootsweb.com To: SHAMROCK-L@rootsweb.com Precedence: list Errors-To: SHAMROCK-L-request@rootsweb.com Resent-Sender: SHAMROCK-L-request@rootsweb.com Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable Hi all Found this in the Irish Inmmegrat newspaper. If your travelling in Ireland it may be useful The premises of the Border Counties History Collective in Main Street, Blacklion, Co. Cavan is to become the first outreach office for the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland. The new office will hold workshops and training sessions in computerised place and subject indexes, and will be a resource for locals and visitors wishing to research their families. The aim of the Collective, which was established in 1996, is to promote co-operation in history research in counties Cavan, Leitrim and Fermanagh. Gus =3D=3D=3D=3D SHAMROCK Mailing List =3D=3D=3D=3D **Many links for searching in all of Ireland can be found at http://www.rootsweb.com/~irltip/tipperary.htm (Tipperary) and/or http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlwat/waterford.htm (Waterford)** --part0_919970213_boundary--

Hi - check out the Ordnance surveys website online on http://www.ordsvy.gov.uk/new.html for anything you might want to know about maps & mapping of The UK & Ireland Best regards Alex Rogers -----Original Message----- From: Caiside@aol.com [mailto:Caiside@aol.com] Sent: Monday, February 22, 1999 6:59 PM To: FERMANAGH-L@rootsweb.com Subject: Re: Discovery Series Irish Ordnance Survey Maps For those of you in the US, the Discovery Series Ordnance Survey Maps are available from the Irish Genealogical Soc International, a Minnesota-based group. Their address is IGSI PO Box 16585 St Paul, MN 55116 Check out their web page for further info. http://www.rootsweb.com/~irish Please note I have no connection with this group other than being a member and receiving their terrific quarterly newsletter. I recommend membership to all of you. Janet C-S

I am trying to clean up my system here...and anything I find in my sent folder which has been sent in the past to one or two lists is now being forwarded to most of those I subscribe to....once again..apologies to those of you who subscribe to the same as me nad receive multiple copies Anyone not interested in the social and cultural history of Ireland, please just delete any messages from me today. The Foundling hospital, while located in Dublin took in children from other parts of the country....and descriptions of life in Ireland at that time make me think of places like India today where there are people of every class and many living on the streets in abject poverty. If any of you have ever seen photographs/documentaries on poverty in India..then you have seen Ireland as it was. Jane Date: 23 January 1999 18:03 Subject: Life in Ireland: 1700 - 1800: The Foundling Hospital >The folowing might be of interest to some people > >Jane > > >>---------------------------------------- >>The Foundling Hospital: >>Part of the Dublin workhouse. Named in 1730 >> >>Children received were foundlings and all illigitimate. No babies amongst >>them, children under the age of 6 supposed to be cared for by their own >>parishes. >> >>Churchwardens employed a woman. the 'lifter' and it was her job to go round >>the Parish at night 'lifting' any babies she found lying about. She brought >>them to the next Parih and dumped them! Sometimes she placed a lump of >>narcotic called diacodioum in the mouth to stupify the child and stop it >>from crying! Sometimes the 'lifter' in the second parish found the child >>and dumped it somewhere else if not back in its own. One woman had >>'lifted' 27 children one year, and 7 died in her hands. These women knew >>nothing of what happened the chldren once they dumped them.... >> >>Babies brought up here were fed on Panda..bread and milk...At an inquiry in >>1797 the matron said the diet was unfit to sustain life! 67 years on..... >> >>Ghastly happenings reported: once 13 babies bodies found buried in a pit. >>workman found two dead infants wrapped >>in a cloth, these were identified by the marks on their arms,. Babies >>'branded' before being sent out of this place to nurses around the city to >>be minded. >> >>Children from all over the country brought to this workhouse, carried by >>women in baskets, just thrown into the basket, up to 8 at a time. Some >>found dead on arrval or seriously injured. >>Inquiry 1797: corpses thrown into a hole and covered with quick lime, >>1750-1760: 7,781 admitted; 3,797 died..and 3,932 put out to nurse. >> >>Mothers often tried to get their children back...came from country...didn't >>though (get them back) >> >>Older workhouse children: >>Breakfast: 1/4 lb porridge and a pint of milk >>Dinner: pint of milk porridge >>Supper: 1/4lb bread, spread with fresh butter. >>3oz cheese twice a week >> >>Older children still...1/2 pint beer & 1/4 lb bread (beer not very strong) >> >> >>Comments from inmates and experts or people who had anything to do with it >>in later years. >>Food always bad, cockroaches, crickets, earwigs. Stirabout thin and watery >>full of lumps. Maggots in bread,, meat often stinking. >>Clothes: for girls very scanty. One peticoat, which was last years frock. >>Niether frocks nor coats worn by boys were lined. No waistocats. CHildren >>in the infirmary slept on straw, thrown on the bed. One thin underblanket >>and another same sort for covering. When a child died, it's boots and >>stockings and linen weren't buried with it. >>Overcrowding dreadful. 4-8 to one bed. Windows in room where children >>assembled in morning broken. >>Feet covered with sores, hands often so swollen that they could not draw >the thread sewing. Afflicted with the 'itch'. >> >>Children savagely punished at times: Boy complained about badness of bread: >>20 lashes with cat of 9 tails. Others stripped to waist ans lashed, a 7-8 >>yr >>old got 8-9 lashes for being slow to go to bed. An older offender (big) >got >>60 lashes and had an iron weight tied to his leg. >> >>One part of house known as 'Bedlam'..reserved for lunatics. Children sent >>there for complaining (considered refractory): place even dustier, darker >>and more generally uncomfortable, confinement there was dreaded. >> >>Two old women, both infirm minded 60 sick children under 8 in the >>infirmary...beds filthy. The 'dead hole' was a step or two from the >>infirmary >>door. Carpenter once told someone that she had three dead children in a >>bed. One witness declared that he had seen 30-35 dead children come away >>for burial at one time.

Something which confuses many people is the land divesions in Ireland, some people have a place name and wonder which records they should be looking for. This may be the name of a Barony, a Poor Law Union divesion, a county, a townland, a parish..it might even have been phonetically written down and look like nothing we actually have. But, then they go searching..and I see different people giving different answers the whole time about which divesion is important or not. There is a place for everyone to start a search and then as the years go by you can progress into other sources looking for more information. There are very few places where you will actually get that confirmation of ancestry on a piece of paper and teh two most important sources for something like this are the Parish records and the registers of the births, marriages and deaths office for ireland. Other than that, you will be pretty much into guesswork land for the majority of people, particularly Catholics. Actual civil registration only began in Ireland in 1845 with marriages for protestants. Then, civil registration for births marriages and deaths for evreyone was introduced in 1864. Not all followed this new legislation, the register indices for the early years are very small compared to those for today and when you think of our population then compared to now it tells a story. The death register indices are even smaller than those for births and marriages. I posted a message last week with the subject "From Ireland but you don't know where" and I always advise those who haven't a clue where their ancestors came from to look at teh register indices even if those ancestors left Ireland before we had any kind of registration at all. I'm always telling people not to fence us in...and to get to know the geography of the county or place they are interested in..to remember that our counties are not nice little square boxes with neat lines dividing one from the other....that a bit of a county can 'stick' into another or even into a few, that a name may be extremely popular in one county and very rare in another beside it..but to look at where the name is found in both counties, it could be related families living close together, but on different sides of the border. Small little things like that. Anyway..I've looked at the various townland sites on the web, they're interesting enough. *But* I have always wondered when I see all these land divesions how on earth the searchers cope, no wonder they haven't got a clue where or what they should really be taking a look at. Then, I know when I am in the Birth Marriage and Death office I'm continually looking at the maps, checking the various registration district boundaries to see if a name I am looking for in one county could have been registered in another. Now, if I have to do that all the time..what hope has anyone who doesn't know our geography. The most important places that any searcher needs to know to begin with are 1. Parish 2. Poor Law Union or registration district The Poor Law Union registration district is actually that area which became the registration district for Births marriages and deaths for an area. I refer to the indices for the GRO (General Registrar's Office) the BMD office (Births, Marriages and Deaths)...somehow or other I never manage to just stick to one name and I confuse people then. So, when I mention any of these three PLU, BMD, GRO I am speaking of one divesion only ever. We have civil and religious parishes. The Protestant Parish boundaries pretty much follow the boundaries for a civil parish...at least in the past they did. Catholic parishes do not, I've found that the number of parishes has changed over the years for Catholic parishes in various counties. Other religions I know nothing about. I rarely use the divesions known as baronies with anything I do. Unless I have no other information to go on. Then, I can take a Barony and break it down into it's various subdivesions and begin working with them. I would use the surname I have and have for the Griffiths index....check out which parishes that surname occurs in for the Griffiths...then if the period I am interested in is before Griffiths time I just look in those parishes the name occurred in for the Tithe books and forget about those that it only occurred in Griffiths for. At least in the beginning :-) The informatoin on Tithe names is not in the Grifffiths cd, it is only found in those index books relating to each county, and as far as I know these have been filmed and are in LDS libraries or available through them. Just to confuse you all and what this post is really about is the fact that all these divesions are not limited to a county or to some other divesion within a county. By that I mean that a registration district does not necessarily cover one county alone or that a civil parish within a county does not necessarily sit within one registration district alone. So, say for example, you had an ancestor who was born in 1880, and you knew for a fact that they came from the civil parish of Galloon in Co. Fermanagh. You don't know the exact townland....but the parish looks like it's in the Poor Law Union/Registration district of Enniskillen....then the first place to go looking is teh BMD indices from 1864 if this ancestor was a Catholic..and you would check out Enniskillen registrations....but would you realise that Galloon also spreads into the Poor Law Union/Registration district of Clones? Most people who know a bit of our geography would automatically assume that anyone rgistered in the Clones district was from Co. Monaghan and ignore it. The same kind of thing applies to districts like Ballyshannon which people would automatically assume was in Co. Donegal..but there are parishes in Co, fermanagh in this district. Then there's Enniskillen Parish itself people would immediately home in on Enniskillen PLU/registration district....not so. Enniskillen parish is in Lisnaskea PLU. I think it was all done in the past as a secret conspiracy to confuse those of us in the future. Maybe those of you who really research a place properly before beginning to look at registers never make these mistakes. I know that I have in the past....and I know that there are others also who do the same. This post is very long, my apologies. But for those of you who have read through it I am making a look up offer. I will not answer any requests for one week, but if you have a Poor Law Union/registration district name, or the name of a civil parish and are intrested.....I will tell you which registration districts you should be checking for surnames, which civil parishes surround the parish you are interested in, those religious parishes associated with that civil parish, and possibly what records are available for religions other than Catholics for that religious parish. Jane

For those in the US, the majority of these maps are available through the Irish Genealogical Society International @ POBox 16585 in St. Paul MN 55116. All except 32 /33 /34 /35 /39 /40 /41 /47 /48 /54 /68 /69. The maps are $8 per. Postage is $1 per and $.50 per for two or more. - Dan in Tulsa, OK

Several people have asked me where they can get these maps, whether from the net, or if I can get them for them. They are available somewhere from the net....I don't know where. I cannot get any for anyone, because while I could walk into a shop and purchase one, post it off no problem, I would have to consider the costs of postage and the map, plus the exchange rate, plus bank fees charged....and plus the fact that the tax man would come looking for me if I was to begin changing foreign currency willy nilly. Therefore, I apologise to anyone to whom it seems I could help easily in this..it's not so easy as it seems, there are too many factors for me to consider. I am posting the numbers I have for some maps here. It might be an idea if there are other people out there who have any of these maps to also post which counties the number they have covers. That way a composite could be made and anyone interested in the purchase of any map would be easily able to refer to such a composite and know what they want to order. At the back of each map is shown a larger section of Ireland and the map numbers required for that area. From this I have been able to take the numbers for maps I don't have myself. The Discovery series OS maps are 1:50,000. They are quite detailed. I work with original OS series maps from the earlier surveys, the kind for which current versions can be purchased from the OS office in the Phoenix Park at a much higher price than these particualr maps, they do show a lot more detail but you don't need anything like this unless you have actually pinpointed the place you are interested in The discovery series maps, are, in general sufficient for the purpose of identifying location of townlands, the larger sized OS maps show you the outlines of townlands. The Disc. ser. show the locations of old churches, landmarks, graveyards, burial grounds, places of archaeological interest.and general topography of an area. They do not show houses or villages whcih no longer exist. They are not indexed..you have to sit down and go through them bit by bit. There are in all 89 maps. These maps cost from four pounds and twenty pence to four pounds and fifty pence in shops here in Ireland and can be purchased at most book shops. Generally speaking it is only the larger shops in the cities which will carry all maps for teh country. Then in each county you will find shops which sell those for that county. In order to have maps which cover the whole of any county it is necessary to purchase a few maps. If you look through the numbers as I have them here you will be able to see those maps which straddle a number of counties. The numbers after each county represent the number of the OS map required for that county. Co. Donegal: 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 11, 7, 12, 16 Co. Derry: 7, 4, 8, 13 Co. Tyrone 7, 12, 13, 18, 19 Co. Fermanagh: 12, 17 Co. Leitrim: 16 Co. Offaly: 47, 48, 49, 53, 54, 59 Co. Tipperary 59, 60, 66, 67, 53,58,65, 66, 67, 74, 75, Co. Antrim: 5, 9, 8, 14, 15 Co. Down: 15, 20, 21, 29 Co. Louth: 36, 43 Co. Meath 43, 42, 34, 35, 36 Co. Dublin: 56, 50, 43, Co. Cavan: 34, 35 Co. Westmeath: 41, 42, 34, 48, 47 Co. Wicklow 50, 61, 55, 56, 61, 62 Co. Wexford: 69, 77, 68, 76, 77 Co. Kilkenny: 60, 61, 67, 68, 75, 76 Co.Limerick: 58, 65, 66, 73, 74, 72, 64 Co. Clare: 63, 57, 58 Co. Laois: 54, 55, 60, 61 Co. Carlow: 61, 62, 68 Co. Kildare: 49, 50, 55, 56, 61 Co. Galway: 46, 47, 52, 53, Co. Waterford: 75, 76, 82 Co. Cork: 84, 85, 81, 87, 86, 89, 88,79,72, 80, 73 Co. Kerry: 71, 84, 85, 78, 83, 79, 70,72, 63 As you can see from the above, there is a fair bit of overlap. Some of these maps only take in part of the county I have them listed for..a very small part. So, it is wisest to check with someone as to which maps cover the edges of a county so to speak before you go off and buy the whole lot. If anyone wants to ask me where any of these maps are for in relation to a main town in a county I can tell them.....but *not* for at least two or three weeks. Jane

For those of you in the US, the Discovery Series Ordnance Survey Maps are available from the Irish Genealogical Soc International, a Minnesota-based group. Their address is IGSI PO Box 16585 St Paul, MN 55116 Check out their web page for further info. http://www.rootsweb.com/~irish Please note I have no connection with this group other than being a member and receiving their terrific quarterly newsletter. I recommend membership to all of you. Janet C-S

Listers: For an interesting description of the typical Irish cottage and how it changed through the years, read Glassie's Passing the Time in Ballymenone. This book is a wonderful study of the culture and storytelling traditions of the people of south Fermanagh by a folklorist who lived with several families in the area over a period of some 15 years. Anyone interested in Fermanagh will find it fascinating. Janet C-S

In a message dated 2/21/99 10:49:17 AM, Cretic04@aol.com wrote: <<After looking at PRONI website following first message, I believe that the Smyths may have come from the Townland of Milligans in the Parish of Clone. Again, any help is greatly appreciated. Jim>> Jim, Your original post did not contain an actual question. What kind of info do you need help about? JAnet C-S

After looking at PRONI website following first message, I believe that the Smyths may have come from the Townland of Milligans in the Parish of Clone. Again, any help is greatly appreciated. Jim

I am in search of information on my family from FERMANAGH and I'm new at this so please bear with me. My great grandparents were Bernard and Rose Smyth who had seven children. Bernard died on December 14, 1897 at 75 YOA. Rose was still alive in April of 1909 at 64 YOA. Their son James died Sept. 3, 1908 in the Townland of Milgins in Fermanagh. Sons Michael (my grandfather) and John came to USA aboard the S.S. Cretic in 1904 from Liverpool England. Any info will be greatly appreciated. Dates and times stated from best records and should be reasonably accurate. Thank you. Jim

HI, LOVE TO HEAR FROM ANYONE who is researching the kennedy name in fermanagh county, north ireland. thanks d. kennedy

-----Original Message----- From: Jane O'Brien <jayohbee@iol.ie> Date: 13 December 1998 00:02 Subject: How they lived: Houses >following is from a book called Life and Traditions in Rural Ireland, >written by Timothy P. O'Neill. publ. 1977. ISBN 0 460 042277 0 Published in 1977 and out of print. > >Jane > >Houses: > >To the casual observer all Irish traditional Houses appear as long low >buildings with thatched roofs and whitewashed walls. Most of the houses are >built of stone, clay or mud and to a lesser extent sod or turf, and the >rooms are invariably arranged in length with a door from one leading to the >next. The roof is generally at an angle of 45 degrees to the walls and the >roof timbers usually sit on the walls, though cruck roofs and purlin roofs >are also known. Windows and doors are usually found in side walls rather >than at tends, and the hearth which lies in he long axis of the house, is >normally at floor level. The chimney projects through the roof ridge. >Traditional slate and stone roofed houses also have the same characteristics >though slate roofs were found in few districts. Shingles or overlapping >wooden tiles are recorded in some northern counties. > >In the 40 years up to 1791 the number of houses in Ireland increased by up >to 75%, and the greatest increase was in Connaught where the number of >houses more than doubled. After 1791 the number of houses continued to >increase and by 1821 the number of houses in Connaught had again doubled. >By 1841, 40% of houses in the country were one roomed cabins a further 37% >had 2-4 rooms. The greatest increase had obviously been in the poorer type >housing and many contemporary accounts describe the poverty of these >dwellings. A description written in 1823 gives an impression of their >squalor: >"The interior of an Irish cabin - you must let me make you acquainted with >one, which will serve for many under my eye- that you may judge how >impossible it is for the greater part of the population however willing >they may be to obtain the reward held out for cleanliness - a room 15x9, no >window, no chimney, not even the sign of a fireplace, a mud floor sunk >considerably below the level of the road by the side of which it stands, >originally ill made and in this wet season covered by almost one foot of >water, in one corner are a few lighted sods of turf which, while they afford >but little warmth to the wretched group around them, fill the room with >volumes of smoke" > >Rural housing conditions were made even more uncomfortable by the shortage >of fuel in the wet seasons when it was difficult to dry the peat for the >fires. The presence of a manure heap outside the doors, which was a sight >remarked upon by many travellers, completed the picture of these damp cold >houses. The massive increase in the poorest type housing meant that many >lived in appalling conditions in pre famine Ireland. > >The effects of the great famine can be seen in the record of traditional >housing. The census reports for 1841 and 1851 recorded house types before >and after the famine. Increases in the three larger type houses were >recorded, while a massive decrease for the poorest was recorded: 355,689 or >72% of the poorest houses disappeared, which , allowing 6 persons per house, >represents the homes of over two million people > >