Hello List, In Digest V99#153 Art Cooper talked about this B&B. I'm having trouble finding it on the internet. Does anyone have their address, email or snail mail? Thanks very much for your help Mary Murray

PHONETICS We all ‘speak funny’, people have this ‘sound’ of the Irish brogue in their heads, added to by various films on Ireland we have seen with perhaps Maureen O’Hara or other Irish in them. Remember this, no matter how many people you have listened to with an ‘Irish Brogue’ over the years, we have different accents associated with each county. I, for one speak Irish, but I speak Galway Irish, I find understanding Kerry Irish difficult, not because of different words being used to different things, but because of the accent. Donegal Irish, that’s even more difficult, they sound like they’re speaking a foreign language to me. All that is today. Think back, think to when people may or may not have spoken any English, though regardless of what most think, the common misconception is that most the Irish spoke only Irish, that your ancestors so long as they were Catholic, spoke no English. This is wrong and the statistics which remain from the various censuses tell a different sto! ! ry. English was spoken to some degree or another in each county, the people may not have been able to read or write, but they knew how to speak the language, maybe only to understand what was said to them, but they did have English. Think then of these people arriving at various ports in other countries, the person who received them into that country, wrote the information down, the person who listed all those who were going on boats when this was done. They could not speak Irish, they spoke their own form of English. All they could do was write the name down as they heard it, the phonetical sound of it. Look at any ships passenger list and you will see the same names turning up, spelled differently. Go through the official Irish Birth, Marriage and Death records and you will see surnames being written in one form or another, and you can actually see the various spelling being associated with districts. If we could say that the same person was responsible over all those years for taking the information from the informant and writing it down, then we could say that this was just the way that person spelled that name. We can’t we don’t know for certain, but, what we can assume is that the way this nam! ! e was spelled back then is associated with the accent of the area, the way the people pronounced it. The same can be said of Parish records in those other countries. The name will have been written phonetically. There are those which are very common and which would not have changed, and the fact that there would have been so many Irish passing through any one place it is possible that these recorders soon became familiar with the names and learned how to script them with one general spelling. Take a Priest from Ireland, he will have been familiar with many names, he would always write the name as he knew how to spell it from home, even this may have been a phonetic error on the original. Never, ever discount anyone with a similar sounding surname from any record you find. Take the information, just add it to your notes and some day you just might find information which ties that person in somewhere in your line. There are 18 letters in the Irish alphabet: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u. We also ‘borrow’ the letters j, q, v, w, x, and z in what are known as loan words. We have the basic vowels: a, e, i, o, and u. These may either be short or long, and the difference in the length of a vowel, when one type is exchanged for the other in a word can change the meaning of that word. The following gives some indication of how the vowels are pronounced. Remember that your accent differs again to any of ours and what you have when you say these words are an approximation, the sound will be somewhat different when spoken by an Irish person. Vowel: English word which contains this vowel as sounded a cat a with fada* law e che (rry) e with fada* may i shin i with fada* mean o done/lot o with fada* more u bus u with fada* cool *a fada is an accent above the letter - my word programme currently won’t let me put one on the letters The vowels combine with each other in a number of ways, for example i and u combining with ia and ua, which sound like eea and ooa. In the middle of words the combinations a(id)h, o(id)h, eidh and eigh also consist of two vowel sounds pronounced like the English eye or my. Also, (e)amh is pronounced like ‘ow’ in the english cow and how; for some dialects (e)abh, obh, omh, odh, ogh are also pronounced in this way as ‘ow’; while in others they are pronounced like a long o sound as in the English more. The combinations umh and ubh are pronounced like a long oo sound as in the English word cool. The combination ao does not represent two sounds. In Ulster and Connaught Irish it is usually pronounced ee; in Munster Irish it sounds like the vowel in the English may; aoi is usually pronounced ee In some counties they have ‘e’ and sound it like ‘a’. In some counties they drop their ‘h’ in words and names, some counties will pronounce the word Bally as Balla or even it can be spelled Baile or Ballagh…. We have lots of dis, dat, dese and dose instead of that ‘th’ sound J Some people will sound an ‘rd’ combination as ‘t’. The ‘H’ can be dropped from a name, making for example the surname ‘Harmon’ become ‘Armon’ ‘O’ can be pronounced ‘Au’ making Odlum become Audlum The vowel sounds are substituted for one another left, right and centre in any surname or placename it seems. We add ‘s’ we take it away as and when we feel like it or so it may look - but this is really related to the accent in the area. Banaghan can become Bannan losing the ‘gh’ sound A ‘v’ sound can become a ‘w’ sound Bee can be pronounced Bay. I could go on for ever and ever with sounds. When you are searching through the various records and you see a name - which has some if any similarity to the one you seek, *sound* both names to yourself..say them as many different ways as you can and then take the reference for each. You never know when someone will tell you that the second is a variation on the first.

Hi all, I will be going to Ireland in the next month on business, but will have a short amount of time free. I would like to do some general research on the McGuire family in County Fermanagh, can anyone suggest some places that might be of interest to me? Thanks Misi

Essie Pell <pelle@southernx.com.au> wrote............. >Can some kind person please tell me if there is a place like these two. >The writing was very hard to read and the best I could do is:- >Tullalamey and Darragherellen. I think they are near Enniskillen Co >Fermanagh. Any help appreciated. >Regards >Essie in Sydney. I see a Derryallen Lake, NE of Kinawley on road south from Enniskillen,. It is about 2 mi. form Kinawley in a straight line. There is a Derryvullen about a mi. W. of Lisbellaw. Patrick Traynor, in California's gold-rush country. tray@jps.net

Hi, I am new to this list. I am tracing the Hilliard & Montgomery families. Richard HILLIARD born in Enniskillen, Fermanagh ca 1810 was a gardener. He married Mary MONTGOMERY, born there ca 1820. It is thought that she may have been the daughter of a Hugh MONTGOMERY. Richard and Mary's daughter Margaret HILLIARD was born in Enniskillen in 1841. She came to Australia in 1865 and married James Griffith. Can anyone tell me more about these families...... are there any descendants.....can anyone tell me about Enniskillen ?? Many thanks Alison Griffith ally@caboolture.net.au

Hi I found Chrles Gallaher born in the tonw of Athlone?? Ireland, April 11 1784 Elizabeth Coyle born in the town of Athtone?? in Ireland, November 29 1786 Chrles Gallagher married Elizabeth Coyle May 11th 1807 in Annapolis Nova Scotia Canada. Married by rev Walter Welsh. I am not related to Gallagher's but I found this and I know what I would do if someone stumbled across my William McMahon having a son john in about 1848 in Ireland, being born in New England in oct 1827, or James McMahon marrying in aughalurcher parish. 1820-1826. Thanks for your time. They had Owen Fallagher Roseanna Gallagher Charles, Ann, William and Elizabeth born 1819 died 1820 also Bernard Gallagher for children. i sincerely hopes this helps someone. Sincerely Joy Irene Want a NEW CAR and don't like making car payments. Check out http://www.freecarpayments.com/2559/bonus.htm

Hi found this, I have not Gilmore's but know what I'd give if someone found my James McMahon b about 1785 married about 1820-25. George Gilmore from County Tyrone Prish of Drumg.....maybe Drumglaso, Ireland to Margaret Ritchie daughter of Andrew Ritchie, in Annapolis Co., Nova Scotia Canada Sept 4th 1854. If someone is on the Tyrone list please forward this. Thanks and good luck. sincerely Joy Irene Want a NEW CAR and don't like making car payments. Check out http://www.freecarpayments.com/2559/bonus.htm

I am researching my McManus, Hart relatives in county Fermanagh. I discovered Henry Harte, my gggrandfather on the Griffith's evaluation in the parish of Kinawley, townland of Tiravree Glebe (Ord. S. 32) his son James Hart m. Jane McManus of Patrick and Margaret McManus and they had a daughter Margaret Hart ( my grandmother) born in parish of Kinawley, church of St. Mary Swanlinbar in 1883. If this sounds familiar , I would love to hear from you. Thanks! Patrick

Go to proni.nics.gov.uk/geogindx/ferm.htm and you will find lots of towns in Fermanagh Nita in Australia fraser@aljan.com.au

Can some kind person please tell me if there is a place like these two. The writing was very hard to read and the best I could do is:- Tullalamey and Darragherellen. I think they are near Enniskillen Co Fermanagh. Any help appreciated. Regards Essie in Sydney.

I have recently posted a very interesting academic study on Ulster marriage patterns and traditions that used Lisbellaw and surrounding townlands as the study area. It is an excellent survey of Fermanagh families from the area. It has excellent information that can be applied across Ulster. I found it in some obscure book some time ago. I have tried to find the professor who authored the article but she has retired. The book was published in India. There is also an article specific to the Black family of Belfast, originally of Cowall, Scotland at my web site. http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Musee/7023/

Thanks for your help Janet. My brother has since told me that Enniskillen Library may have it too. Regards, Catriona ---------- > From: Caiside@aol.com > To: catriona@powerup.com.au; FERMANAGH-L@rootsweb.com > Subject: Re: Lisnarick Graveyard > Date: Monday, 5 July 1999 21:42 > > Catriona, > You could try writing to Heritage World in Dungannon, Co Tyrone. They have > computerised inscriptions for more than 300 NI graveyards. Of course they > charge a fee, but it might be worth it. However, ask first whether they have > the one you want. Their url is: > http://www.mayo-ireland.ie/Geneal/FnghTyrn.htm > > You can contact them by email also. > > Janet C-S

Hi everyone, I'm new to the group and I have personally no known ancestors from Fermanagh however my best friend does and she doesn't have internet access yet. I'm trying to locate for her her ancestor Jane MANLEY's family. She was a convict sent out in early 1850's for theft. She had a father James at Native Place and brothers Herbert, William, James and what looks like Raymond and sister Sarah who her convict records stated "had all gone to America". Jane Manley would have been born in the 1820's. Would appreciate any help on the matter. Regards, Irene Hunt Regards, Irene Hunt

Reply to: Cranston/Magheraboy/1619 In the 1619 survey of Ulster by Nicholas Pynnar, performed on behalf of King James, I found a reference to a Scot named Thomas Cranston, who was a lessee of Malcolm Hamilton (grantee of Sir Robert Hamilton) in Co. Fermanagh, in the Precinct/Barony of Magheraboy. I'm trying to connect him up (hopefully) with William Cranston (b. ~1655), a farmer in Co. Tyrone, and the father of Archdeacon John Cranston (1676/1677 - 1762) of Clogher (who subsequently settled in Co. Monaghan). Any information or suggestions would be appreciated. Scott Robert Cranston Anderson phssra@physics.emory.edu ------------- "America: you used to be 'of the people, by the people, and for the people'. Now, you're just one of *those* people!" -- Bill Maher

Was someone looking for Scott ancestors in Fermanagh? While at the PRO last month, I transcribed some of the Parish of Inishmacsaint baptism records which contained the following: Bapt. Feb.3, 1861, Born Dec. 28, 1860, John Scott, Parents were James and Mary Scott of Drumgrow, Shoemaker Bill Barber Hudson, New Hampshire U.S.A. Email to: W.Barber@Motorola.com and 1138275@skytel.com Researching: Barber, Prigge, Wright, Bird, White, Dundas, McBrien, Likely, O'Neill, Armstrong, Sheridan, Whiting, Tracy, Hayes, McGraw, Geary, Carrol, Smith, Nolan

Subject reportedly came to America from Iniskilling, County Fermanagh. He died around 1758 in America and may have played a part in the battle of Boyne. Do you have any record of such an individual? I believe that he was my ancestor an am interested in any information you might have. Thanks for your consideration. His son, William was born in Donegal Twp. Lancaster County, Pennslyvania, USA in 1732 and died 22 April 1804 in Northumberland, Pennslyvania. slyvania. =20

Hi, Can anyone tell me how I can buy, beg, borrow, or steel a photograph of the Tynekill Castle at the base of the Wicklow Mountains just south of Dublin. My family lived in this castle in the 14th, 15th and 16th century. It's most improtant to me to get a decent picture of it. I'll appreciate any ideas or help. Gene McDaniels

Valuation Office Records The Valuation office was set up to carry out the original Primary Valuation. It is still in existance and has in its possession the original set of notebooks used by the Griffiths Valuation surveyors These are the field books, the house books and tthe tenure books. All 3 have maps which indicate the holding they refer to. Field Books: Information on the size & quality of a holding House Books: Occupiers name and measurement of any buildings Tenure Books: Annual rent paid and legal basis - whether by lease or at will, also the year of any lease. These notebooks also document any changes in occupation between the initial survey and the final published survey. The valuation office also holds the ‘Cancelled’ or ‘revision’ Land Books and Current Land Books. The Cancelled land books are similar to those of the published valuation but observations made are handrwritten in on these. The observations can show whether the size or physical structure of the holding were altered, also the changes in the name of the landlord or occupier….this can show death or emigration for a particular year. Changes may have been noted up to a few years after the actual change. It is best to go to the original earlier years and work your way forward with these because the actual numbers of lots can have changed over the years because of lots being broken up or joined together. The Land Commission was created by the 1881 Land Act. Initially is was created to determine fair rents but its main purpose became to assist tenants to purchase their property. A Congested Districts Board was set up in 1891 and this had a similar function, but it was abolished by the Irish Govt. in 1923 and its powere transfered to the Land Comission. So, in the latter part of the 19thC and the early part of the 20thC people who occupied land were able to buy that lant. You will see an entry in the cancelled boks showing (In Fee) meaning that the occupier was now the owner. Also, on these you may see LAP…Land Act Purchase stamped on an entry, meaning that the occupier had been assisted in by the Lands Commissoin to purchase the land. The cancelled books for the 26 counties are held in Dublin in the Valuation Office while those for the 6 counties of Northern Ireland are held in the PRONI in Belfast. Those in Dublin are bound together by year in large volumes, the oldest being at the back (oldest = Griffiths) Those in Belfast are not bound and have to be asked for separately and are only available up to the 1930’s. The related maps are also held in the Valuatoin Office. These are Ordnance Survey Sheets onto hwhich the property boundaries were drawn. Changes in holdings are also indicated on the maps.

Griffiths Primary Valuation This valuation records every landowner and householder in Ireland in a period shortly after the famine. An Act was passed in 1826 allowed for a uniform valuation of property in al Ireland for levying of county cess charges and grand Jury Rates. Thus began an assessment f the whole country, county by county by Sir Richard Griffith.. Amendments were passed to the 1826 Act, the first in 1831 excluded those houses under the annual valuation of £3, another in 1836 excluded house under £5 The information given in the Griffiths gives: the townland address and householders name; the name of the person from whom the property is leased; a description of the property; the acreage and the valuation. If a surname was common in an area then the surveyors adopted the practise of indicating the fathers name to show the difference between two people of the same Christian name and surname….(usually) So Tadgh O’Brien (Michael) is the son of Michael O’Brien and Tadgh O’Brien (James) is the son of James O’Brien. However, here in Ireland people of the same name could/can be distinguished simply by indicating the colour of their hair (as gaeilge - thru Irish ) so it would have been sufficient here to indicate that one Tadgh had red hair and one Tadgh black - calling them respectively Tadgh (Red) O’Brien and Tadgh (Black) O’Brien To confuse those who come in search of ancestors has always been the ambition of the very Ancestors J The main difference between the Tithe Applotment Books and the Griffiths Valuation is that all householders were listed in Griffiths. Remember the different types of acres used in each, the Irish and English acre..this will account for differnce in size of land held by a family from one valuation to the other I they appear in both. Remember also the fact that the house of less than £3 annual value were included up to the year 1831 and excluded from that point forward, and those with an annual value of £5 were included up to 1836 and excluded from then on. Many refer to the Griffiths CD, which is handy enough to track a surname through the country…or to find some places in counties where the name occurs. However, this is a list of names for the county, there is no way of knowing if the six John O’Leary’s listed for one county are one and the same or if all the land is held by John O’Leary and rented out to others. One problem I personally have noted with the griffiths CD is that while it is suppposed to have been transcribed from the originals - the place names are not as they should be in many instances. There are placenames in there which while I know them from the originals - are not the same as actually written in the Griffiths valuation books. This I assume is because these were written up by people with little or no knowledge of Irish geography or Irish phonetics. So that while they transcribed what they thought they saw..because of faded ink or poor script - the actual name might be quite different…if it was someone with a knowledge of either Irish phonetics or the geography of the area they would have written a different word as the place name. This is not a huge error to anyoe who does know the geography of the area they are enquiring about, but for anyone who hasn’t got a clue it’s a different story. There is an index to the surnames occurring in the Griffiths Valuation. The indices are made up by county….divided into baronies, parishes, townlands. There are two sections to an index and some counties have a number of volumes covering the whole county.e.g. Co. Cork has three. Each index is divided into two sections, the first being an alphabetical list of surnames occurring in the area the index covers and the names that occur in each Barony. The second section is an alphabetical list of surnames occurring in each parish within that barony. It doesn’t matter if you don’t know which Barony the parish you are looking for is in - you just check through the second section. It doesn’t matter even if you don’t know the parish you can just check the first section to see where the name occurred in a county…. The index to the surnames tells you how many times a surname occurred in a particular parish and whether or not that surname also occurred in the Tithe books. It does not give you any more information than that. The Householders Index with their LDS-FHC film numbers: Antrim Armagh, Carlow, Cavan LDS film # 0919001 Clare, Cork, Londonderry LDS film # 0919002 Donegal, Down Dublin LDS Film # 0919003 Fermanagh, Galway Kerry, Kildare, Kilkeny LDS film # 0919004 Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Mayo, Meath LDS film # 0919005 Monaghan, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, Tipperary LDS film # 09119006 Tyrone, Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow LDS film # 0919007

LAND RECORDS Tithe Applotment Books Tithes were an income tax on farming..usually about one tenth of the annual income. These were used for the upkeep of the Church of Ireland and were paid from the time of the Reformation. Before the Composition Act of 1823 it was possible to pay them in kind in stead of money. From the time of the Composition Act they were supposed to be paid in cash….and Tithe surveys were carried out in each Parish to assess what the income for that parish would be. Two people were appointed by each parish to carry out this assessment. Both Catholics and Protestants resented this tax - Tax was not payable on all land, and there was even variation on the types of land from place to place. >From 1736 grazing land had an exemption - this was usually land held by landlords. Certain crops were taxable, others weren’t. Potatoes could be taxable in one parish and not in the one next door. Tithe books are not comprehensive, people who did not hold land are not listed and some types of land were passed over absolutely. Towns and cities were usually not asssesed. They are arranged by townland and usually give the acreage held by each farmer. However, note here that the measurement used was the plantation or Irish acre which differs in size from the imperial or English acre used in the Griffiths Valuation. The information you get from the Tithe Books is simple, : townland name; landholders name; area of land andtithes paid. Some wil list the landlords name as well. The original tithe books for the 26 counties of the Republic of Ireland are held in the National Archives in Dublin. Those for the 6 counties of Northern Ireland were transferred to the PRONI in Belfast. Copies remain in Dublin in the National Archives and National Library. Tithe Defaulters: Both Catholics and Protestants objected to paying of Tithes. 1830 Catholic Parishoners in Graiguenamanagh in Co. Kilkenny withheld their tithes. 1832 they were followed by those in most parts of south Leinster and Munster and violence erupted - The ‘Tithe War’. Church of Ireland Ministers therefore ended up without this money during 1831. It was necessary for tehm in order to claim from the Clergy Relief Fund to draw up a list of Parishoners who had defaulted on the Tithes. 499 Lists/Schedules of Defaulters were submitted in order to avail of the relief fund. 127 of these still survive. - Lists of Tithe Defaulters…..not written up alphabetically, and it is necessary to go through each book for each county and for some there are a number of books. (Some of these have been produced on CD….Kilkenny may be one - I stand open to correction on that - Jane (53 of these books relate to Kilkenny; 30 to Tipperary; some coverage of Laois, Carlow, Offaly, Meath, Cork, Kerry , Limerick, Louth Waterford and Wexford). Quaker records show lists of those who defaulted on Tithes also.