The following books are drawn from Beverly Whitakers website, from material provided by Don Milliken, from Sandi Gorins website, and from various other open sources, including information from Mac's own files. The following information was compiled and provided by Mac McCutchan - Scotch-Irish mailing list and shared here: Rouse, Parke, Jr. The Great Wagon Road. The Dietz Press, 109 East Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, 1992. Kincaid, Robert. The Wilderness Road. Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, 5th edition, 1992; originally published by Bobbs-Merrill Company in 1947. Schneider, Norris F. The National Road. Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio Historical Society, 1975. Ierley, Merritt. Traveling the National Road. Woodstock, New York: The Overlook Press, 1990. Dollarhide, William. Map Guide to American Migration Routes. Bountiful, Utah: AGLL, Inc., 1997. Hanna, Charles A., The Scotch-Irish (2 volumes). New York, NY: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1902. Ramsey, Robert W., Carolina Cradle. Chapel Hill, NC, Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1964. Leyburn, James G., The Scotch-Irish: A Social History. Chapel Hill, NC, Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1962. Finley, Lori. The Natchez Trace. Winston-Salem, North Carolina: John F. Blair, Publisher, 1995. Heisey, John W. American Migration Guide. Indianapolis, Indiana: Heritage House, 1985. Schneider, Norris F. and Clair C. Stebbins. Zane's Trace, the First Road in Ohio. Zanesville, Ohio: Mathes Printing Company, 1973. Southerland, Henry, Jr., and Jerry Elijah Brown. The Federal Road through Georgia, the Creek Nation, and Alabama,1806-1836. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 1989. Waitley, Douglas. Roads of Destiny: the Trails that Shaped a Nation. New York: Robert B. Luce, Inc., 1970. ---------- The following are websites with relevant material on migration routes, trails, and patterns. Many are drawn from the excellent websites of Beverly Whitaker and Sandi Gorin; others have simply been encountered over time. Here we go: Beverly Whitakers website: http://members.aol.com/GenTutor/biblio.html#migration an excellent and inclusive bibliography for genealogy, including an extensive list of roads and trails books, maps, guides and articles, most of which are included below. Beverly Whitakers website: http://members.aol.com/RoadTrails/roadtrai.html short, one-paragraph descriptions of the Boston Post Road, Braddocks Road, California Trail, Fall Line Road, Great Wagon Road, Kings Highway, Mohawk (Iroquois) Trail, Mormon Trail, Natchez Trace, National Road, Oregon Trail, Pennsylvania Road, Santa Fe Trail, Upper Road, Wilderness Road, and Zanes Trace. Also includes a bibliography (not provided here). http://www.mcn.org/2/noel/Westmoreland/Westmoreland.htm Go to "The Migration Trails" and "The Mission Trails" at this website for a good view of early trails in and around Pennsylvania. http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~south1/trails-roads1.htm Super compendium of additional websites, describing the following early roads and migration routes: The Avery Trace - http://www.wwns.com/clay/tourism/avery/avery.html This site describes the Avery Trace, also known as the North Carolina Road, which went from NC through north TN to the Cumberland settlements. There is a good description of it and a link to a nice map of the old road. The Great Warrior Path from East Tennessee to Southwest Virginia: A nice description of this road, which some of the earliest settlers used. http://www.tngenweb.usit.com/warpath.htm Transportation in Early Middle Tennessee: This article mentions a number of the early roads and something about the early settlement of the area. http://www.tngenweb.usit.com/sumner/mdtntran.htm Ohio Migration Routes: This site is a map site of several of the land migration routes through Ohio...the northern ones are a little north for most of our southern migrations, but the southern ones were often used by people going into KY and places south... http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/Gwen/migration.htm Migration Routes from Pennsylvania to Virginia: This site seems to be a collection of messages from a mail list discussing ancestral movements, mainly of Palantine Germans, but also Scots Irish...it discusses both the How and Why their folks moved on. See it at: http://www.indwes.edu/Faculty/bcupp/genes/migrate.htm Old Roads in North Arkansas: This is an article about early roads in north Arkansas, presented by the Lawrence County Historical Society, written by W.E. McLeod. If you have ancestors who traveled this way, check it out at: http://idt.net/~jfultz19/military.htm Map links and links about migration trails, especially regarding those people who went from PA to the south: http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~south1/trails1.htm The Cumberland Trace: Super description at: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips?read=267 Braddocks Road, Chisholm Trail, Cumberland Road, Iroquois Trail, Natchez Trace, Santa Fe Trail, Spanish Trail and Venango Trail: Short, concise one-paragraph descriptions at: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips?read=268 The Overland Trail http://www.over-land.com/index.html American Migrations Web Site http://members.aol.com/gedsearch/migrate.htm National Historic Trails Interpretive Center http://w3.trib.com/~rlund/NHTIC.html The Northern Great Plains, 1880-1920 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/ndfahtml/ngphome.html Pioneering in the Upper Midwest, 1820-1910 American Memory Project, LOC http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/umhtml/umhome.html Juliana's Links http://www.ancestry.com/ancestry/testurllinks/search.asp (In the Category Search, select 'Miscellaneous' and then "Westward Movement") OREGON/CALIFORNIA TRAIL Oregon-California Trails Association http://calcite.rocky.edu/octa/octahome.htm End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center http://www.teleport.com:80/~eotic/index.html Oregon Trail http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Allabout.html Emigrant Summit Trail (to California) http://www.r5.pswfs.gov/heritage/010.HTM Opening of the California Trail http://www.tahoenet.com/tdhs/tpstephn.html MORMON TRAIL MormonTrail.com: The Pioneer Experience http://www.mormontrail.com/ MormonTrail.net http://www.mormontrail.net/ History of the Mormon Trail http://lserver.aea14.k12.ia.us/SWP/cdavis/MTOP.HOMEP Iowa Mormon Trails http://www.lisco.com/iowamormontr/ SANTA FE TRAIL The Interactive Santa Fe Trail (SFT) Homepage http://raven.cc.ukans.edu/heritage/research/sft/ Fort Union and the Santa Fe Trail http://www.viva.com/nm/ghosts/union.html CHISHOLM TRAIL Chisholm Trail Anniversary Site http://www.unicusnet.com/chisholmtrail130/ Chisholm Trail http://www.southwind.net/ict/wht/wht-07s.html SPANISH TRAIL Old Spanish Trail Association http://www.slv.org/History/ost.htm Westward Migration in U.S. 1775-1860 http://www.ancestry.com/ancestry/FreeImages.asp?ImageID=299 Exploration and Settlement Before 1675 http://www.ancestry.com/ancestry/FreeImages.asp?ImageID=641 Exploration and Settlement 1675-1800 http://www.ancestry.com/ancestry/FreeImages.asp?ImageID=643 Exploration and Settlement 1800-1820 http://www.ancestry.com/ancestry/FreeImages.asp?ImageID=644 Exploration and Settlement 1820-1835 http://www.ancestry.com/ancestry/FreeImages.asp?ImageID=645 Exploration and Settlement 1835-1850 http://www.ancestry.com/ancestry/FreeImages.asp?ImageID=647 Exploration and Settlement 1850-1890 http://www.ancestry.com/ancestry/FreeImages.asp?ImageID=648 Map Guide to American Migration Routes by William Dollarhide. Bountiful, Utah: AGLL, Inc., 1997. "16 Reference Cards for Genealogists and Historians: American Trails and Roads." Beverly Whitaker, 4318 N. Baltimore, Kansas City, MO 64116-1654. "Migration Trails Map Featuring Twenty-Four of the Major Trails East of the Mississippi River." The Everton Publishers, Inc., P. O. Box 368, Logan, Utah 84321. "The Trail System of the Southeastern United States in the Early Colonial Period, W. E. Myer, 1923," opposite page 748 in Forty-Second Annual Report of the U.S. Bureau of American Ethnology, to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1924-1925. Maps of Migration Trails in The Handy Book for Genealogists. 8th Edition. Logan, Utah: Everton Publishing, 1991. ARTICLES, American Roads and Trails The VAMONTG-L list included, on January 7, 1999, an article on the Wilderness Road (can be obtained by searching the archives for that list). The SCOTCH-IRISH-L list included, in January-February 1999, an entire thread of messages on the subject of roads and trails. (can be obtained by searching the archives for that list). The March 1998 National Geographic. It has an excellent, illustrated article "America's First Highway," describing the National Road. The April 1999 Historic Traveler Magazine has articles on the National Road and the Natchez Trace. "Colonial Roads of Our Ancestors," by William Dollarhide. "Genealogy Bulletin," American Genealogical Lending Library Newsletter, Number 22, April, May, June, 1994. "Wagon Roads to the Ohio Country, 1787-1820," by William Dollarhide. "Genealogy Bulletin," American Genealogical Lending Library Newsletter, Number 23, July, Aug., Sep., 1994. "Roads to the Old Southwest: Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi Before Canals, Steamboats, or Railroads," by William Dollarhide. "Genealogy Bulletin," American Genealogical Lending Library Newsletter, Number 28, July-Aug 1995. "Buffalo Path Became the Wagon Road," by Myra Vanderpool Gormley, Los Angeles Times Syndicate, Feb 18, 1996. "The Development of Early Emigrant Trails in the United States East of the Mississippi River," by Marcus W. Lewis, published manuscript from lecture delivered in slightly different form before the National Genealogical Society, Washington, D.C., February 6, 1932. "The Great Philadelphia Wagon Road" by Don Farrant, "Heritage Quest," issue #57, pages 59-60. "Migration Trails of the Eastern United States," by Merlin C. and Eva M. Finnell, "The Palatine Immigrant" Vol. VI, No. 2, 1980.