A lunatic = had periods of sanity An imbecile = someone who had became demented An idiot = was mentally retarded from birth A moron = had a mental age of 8-12 years A cretin = had a mental retardation caused by thyroid deficiency By the way, these definitions were used generally, not just in workhouses. Diana

You have aroused my interest further. Rummaging around I have discovered the following additional information: From a genealogy and historians' definitions site: Learning disability: This is the modern "politically correct" term used by doctors in the UK for people whose mind fails to develop. The usual term in use by the general public is mental handicap I am advised that learning disability means dyslexia in North America. In the UK dyslexia is called dyslexia or occasionally word blindness. Neither term has any derogatory connotation There are many related terms that are now felt to be derogatory e.g. mental handicap, simpleton, mental retardation etc. Some terms do have a formal definition in the UK although they are no longer used Term IQ Modern term Idiot 0 to 25 Severe learning disability Imbecile 25 to 50 Moderate learning disability Feeble minded (moron) 50 to 70 Mild learning disability Those with an IQ of less than 50 usually need care throughout life and are unlikely to educable in the formal sense Rosie ----- Original Message ----- From: "Rosie" <rosemaryryden@hotmail.com> To: <ENG-SHROPSHIRE-PLUS-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Friday, July 28, 2006 9:22 AM Subject: Re: [ENG-SHROP] Workhouse Information. > funnily enough I found something on this some time ago. However, I appear > to have lost it. Typical! I have had a Google around and have found the > following extract on a message board on genealogy. I trust they will not > mind its reproduction here: > > "I have just received the April edition of the Family Tree magazine which > has part 2 of an article about hospitals for the mentally ill. It gives > the following definitions in use until the beginning of the 20thC: > imbecile - 'mental age of an infant' > idiot - 'natural fool from birth' > lunatic - 'sometimes of good and sound memory and understanding, and > sometimes not' > > It goes on to say that the Mental Deficiency Act of 1913 introduced > revised definitions: > idiot - 'unable to guard themselves against physical danger' > imbecile - 'incapable of managing themselves or their affairs' > feeble minded - 'needing care or control for the protection of themselves > or others' > moral defective - those possessed of 'vicious or criminal propensities' > > It them goes on to say that giving birth out of wedlock was considered a > form of moral insanity and hence unmarried mothers were classed as 'moral > defectives'. > lunatic - retained its old definitions until 1930, when it was redefined > to mean 'a person of unsound mind' > > It mentions several interesting looking links, one that looks particularly > good being: > > http://www.mdx.ac.uk/www/study/mhhtim.htm " > > Hope this is of some help > Rosie > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Martin Adams" <martin@adams3606.fsnet.co.uk> > To: <ENG-SHROPSHIRE-PLUS-L@rootsweb.com> > Sent: Thursday, July 27, 2006 4:06 PM > Subject: [ENG-SHROP] Workhouse Information. > > >> Hello all, >> This I know is a delicate subject but can any one please tell me where I >> can find the definitions used in the census' for inmates of workhouses. >> For example what did they consider the differences between an idiot an >> imbecile or a lunatic. There must have been some set criteria but I can't >> find them anywhere. >> Thanks for any help >> Regards >> Martin >> >> >> ==== ENG-SHROPSHIRE-PLUS Mailing List ==== >> DO NOT send virus/worm/hoax warnings to the list. If you receive a >> suspicious e-mail with an attachment, delete it. >> Virus discussions are a no-no. >> >> ============================== >> Search the US Census Collection. Over 140 million records added in the >> last 12 months. Largest online collection in the world. Learn more: >> http://www.ancestry.com/s13965/rd.ashx >> >> > > > ==== ENG-SHROPSHIRE-PLUS Mailing List ==== > DO NOT send virus/worm/hoax warnings to the list. If you receive a > suspicious e-mail with an attachment, delete it. Virus discussions are a > no-no. > > ============================== > Census images 1901, 1891, 1881 and 1871, plus so much more. > Ancestry.com's United Kingdom & Ireland Collection. Learn more: > http://www.ancestry.com/s13968/rd.ashx > >

funnily enough I found something on this some time ago. However, I appear to have lost it. Typical! I have had a Google around and have found the following extract on a message board on genealogy. I trust they will not mind its reproduction here: "I have just received the April edition of the Family Tree magazine which has part 2 of an article about hospitals for the mentally ill. It gives the following definitions in use until the beginning of the 20thC: imbecile - 'mental age of an infant' idiot - 'natural fool from birth' lunatic - 'sometimes of good and sound memory and understanding, and sometimes not' It goes on to say that the Mental Deficiency Act of 1913 introduced revised definitions: idiot - 'unable to guard themselves against physical danger' imbecile - 'incapable of managing themselves or their affairs' feeble minded - 'needing care or control for the protection of themselves or others' moral defective - those possessed of 'vicious or criminal propensities' It them goes on to say that giving birth out of wedlock was considered a form of moral insanity and hence unmarried mothers were classed as 'moral defectives'. lunatic - retained its old definitions until 1930, when it was redefined to mean 'a person of unsound mind' It mentions several interesting looking links, one that looks particularly good being: http://www.mdx.ac.uk/www/study/mhhtim.htm " Hope this is of some help Rosie ----- Original Message ----- From: "Martin Adams" <martin@adams3606.fsnet.co.uk> To: <ENG-SHROPSHIRE-PLUS-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Thursday, July 27, 2006 4:06 PM Subject: [ENG-SHROP] Workhouse Information. > Hello all, > This I know is a delicate subject but can any one please tell me where I > can find the definitions used in the census' for inmates of workhouses. > For example what did they consider the differences between an idiot an > imbecile or a lunatic. There must have been some set criteria but I can't > find them anywhere. > Thanks for any help > Regards > Martin > > > ==== ENG-SHROPSHIRE-PLUS Mailing List ==== > DO NOT send virus/worm/hoax warnings to the list. If you receive a > suspicious e-mail with an attachment, delete it. > Virus discussions are a no-no. > > ============================== > Search the US Census Collection. Over 140 million records added in the > last 12 months. Largest online collection in the world. Learn more: > http://www.ancestry.com/s13965/rd.ashx > >

Martin Adams wrote: > Hello all, > This I know is a delicate subject but can any one please tell me where I can find the definitions used in the census' for inmates of workhouses. For example what did they consider the differences between an idiot an imbecile or a lunatic. There must have been some set criteria but I can't find them anywhere. > Hi Martin, Take a look at the Middlesex University web site. http://www.mdx.ac.uk/www/study/mhhglo.htm#MentalDeficiency I think that might answer your question but there is also a lot more useful information there. Ian

Hello Martin Have a look at the Workhouse History web site at www.workhouses.org.uk to see if there is anything there. Also, it might just be worth trying Old Occupations web sites like http://rmhh.co.uk/occup/index.htm or Old English Terms at http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~oel/index.html Don't forget to check the list of links on these sites to see if one of them will solve your problem. Mike ______________________________________________________ Martin Adams wrote: > Hello all, > This I know is a delicate subject but can any one please tell me where I can find the definitions used in the census' for inmates of workhouses. For example what did they consider the differences between an idiot an imbecile or a lunatic. There must have been some set criteria but I can't find them anywhere. > Thanks for any help > Regards > Martin >

Hello all, This I know is a delicate subject but can any one please tell me where I can find the definitions used in the census' for inmates of workhouses. For example what did they consider the differences between an idiot an imbecile or a lunatic. There must have been some set criteria but I can't find them anywhere. Thanks for any help Regards Martin

At 01:51 PM 27/07/2006, Mark Lingenfelder wrote: >Greetings to all, I would like to know if anyone has information >regarding the Drury family of Ellesmere, Shropshire. One of my >ancestors, Thomas John Drury, came to South Africa in 1806 at the >age of 27. He died on the 2nd July 1835. According to his death >notice, which is just about the only source that gives details of >his birth, it mentions that he was from Ellesmere, Shropshire, >England.>>>> snip>>>. Hello Mark, I have recently been scrolling through a microfilm of transcriptions re. St. Mary Ellesmere. It is still at the local LDS library, so I shall have a bo-peep at "your" Thomas Drury next Tuesday, lucky as we have the dates so I can go straight to them. I have to say though, that the baptism records for that period at St. Mary, Ellesmere, only give the parents names and the place or district of residence, such as Colemere, Duddleston, Ellesmere, and so on, so there will not be any godparents etc. mentioned. From Family Search - seems the previous family (grandparents) are William Drury who married a Catherine and had children baptised: John Drury 03 Jul 1748 at Duddleston (just out of Ellesmere) Most probable, William Drury 09 Jul 1750 at St. Martins Most probable, Ann Drury 24 Feb 1754 at St. Martins Robert Drury 10 Oct 1756 at Ellesmere Thomas Drury 13 Apr 1759, who married Ann. And who both then had Thomas Drury bap. 02 Apr 1779 at Ellesmere. The marriage of William Drury is shown as at Ellesmere 17 NOV 1745 with Catherine SPEAK. According to the IGI Robert Drury married Sarah Sharwood at Ellesmere about 29 Jun 1763. This is interesting, as it is shown to be an extraction from records and not an insertion by an LDS member. I shall try and find the marriage on Tuesday. John Drury appears to have married a Martha Ralphs 18 Feb 1760 in Shropshire. This is an insertion by an LDS member, therefore someone else is or was researching this family. William Drury (the younger) married Mary Sides 09 Sept 1770 at St. Mary Ellesmere. (Extraction from records). Sides and Ralphs were standard surnames in the Ellesmere district in those days. Regarding St. Martins registers, if no one else gets to it before next week, I shall have a look to see if there is any further info re. this family. These are transcripts (very accurate) by the Shropshire Parish Register Society and often give the place of abode and sometimes the occupation. Cheers Graham Melbourne Oz

At 11:56 PM 26/07/2006, rt17xxl wrote: >Dave, >Unfortunately I don't have Habberley PR's to hand. >Graham Sorry Graham, I thought your initials were HTL! I was not scrolling down far enough. I see we are two Graham's on the one list. Anyway, if you can help out Babs without too much trouble, appreciated. Dave, I will have access to Habberley up to 1812 when I again get back to our State Library and as long as the catalog is up and running, so can have a look for you. Cherrio Graham Melbourne Oz

At 08:43 PM 26/07/2006, rt17xxl wrote: >Dave, > I meant to say, in my previous post, that William PERKS appears just >once, on the baptism of his son Thomas, in Pontesbury Printed PR so you are >unlikely to find any siblings by using that source. Plus it means that >William & Mary didn't, apparently, get married in Pontesbury. Hi HTH As you seem to have access to Pontesbury records easily, can you please check on Babs enquiry, which is: From: "N and B Plumbridge" <nandbplumbridge@onetel.com> To: "Graham Price" <genetree@pacific.net.au> Subject: Re: [ENG-SHROP] CASEWELL~ ROBINSON ~ PUGH ~ HODSON Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 23:15:03 +0100 "My husband is decended from Mary Pugh one of Thomas Pugh's (abt. 1826) children. We have only looked at IGI and so if you could look at the original records that would be great. We think that the parents of Thomas Pugh (1826) were Thomas (1801) and Mary Williams (1801) and they married in 1820. We think that the parents of Thomas (1801) were William (1775) and Elizabeth Owens (1779) and they married in 1800. We have speculated that the parents of William (1775) were Peter (1751) and Elizabeth Beaumond (1755) and that they married in 1776? Would the records also show the children of Thomas and Mary and William and Elizabeth and Peter and Elizabeth? Many thanks in advance for your interest and help. Regards Babs" Otherwise I am going to have transportation problems, etc. getting back to our State Library to check. Cheers Graham

Greetings to all, I would like to know if anyone has information regarding the Drury family of Ellesmere, Shropshire. One of my ancestors, Thomas John Drury, came to South Africa in 1806 at the age of 27. He died on the 2nd July 1835. According to his death notice, which is just about the only source that gives details of his birth, it mentions that he was from Ellesmere, Shropshire, England. It also names his parents as being Thomas and Ann Drury. His age at death was given as 56 years, 3 months and 12 days, which would mean that if this is correct he would have been born on the 20th March 1779. I came accross a very convincing lead when I searched the Familysearch website, and discovered a baptism entry for a Thomas Drury, dated the 2nd April 1779 in Ellesmere, Shropshire, it even listed his parents as being Thomas and Ann Drury, which fits in with the details of his death notice. (Batch no: C037421) I would be curious to know if any one is familiar with these church records, and if they would hold any other details regarding his family, such as godparents names, details of parents marriage etc.... I would appreciate any help and advice that would assist me in researching this branch of my family. Best Wishes, Mark Lingenfelder Durban, South Africa. mwling@absamail.co.za

At 08:04 PM 26/07/2006, Dave JONES wrote: >Hi, I'm new to this list and hope someone can assist. >I'm trying to find the birth/baptism of a Thomas PERKS of Pontesbury >around 1809/11. His parents were William and Mary. Also, any >siblings would also be useful plus his mothers maiden name. >In the 1841 census it has the mother and father as both 60 and a >sister Mary 20. I realise that these figures have benn rounded >up/down. At this time they were still in Pontesbury (Oaks). >I hope this isn't too much to ask! Hello David Chance has it that Babs on this list has also asked for some details from the Pontesbury regs. I have access to the Shropshire Parish Register Society transcriptions for Pontesbury up to 1812 at our State Library. I tried to access the catalog to get them down today but because of an internet cable problem in the USA could not order the book down. That is the problem with libraries relying solely upon internet to access their own catalog database. Silly, rather, in my mind. They should have an option so that you can also access the catalog database within their own building! Is that not reasonable? What on earth are we heading for with all of this? Anyway, as soon as things are all up and running again I shall certainly have a look for your folk, and Babs also. Good luck Graham Melbourne Oz

Hi Ken, I already have this information thanks. I really want to get back further re parents. IGI is not always definitive and there are significant gaps. Best wishes Thelma

Hi Thelma, As to siblings.. A cursory look at the IGI searching with parents John Vaughan & Elizabeth shows some possible connections. Elizabeth VAUGHAN, chr. 17 Dec 1786 Wellington Sarah VAUGHAN, chr. 09 March 1788 Wellington Maria VAUGHAN, chr. 30 May 1790 Wellington Ann VAUGHAN, chr. 17 June 1792 Wellington John Augustus VAUGHAN, chr. 07 Jan 1798 Wellington Benjamin VAUGHAN, chr. 01 June 1800 Wellington They look a good possibility considering Benjamin & Harriets children in the 1861 census are named, Elizabeth Margaret, Ann, Benjamin, John Augustus, Maria, Sarah, and Ellen Catherine. food for thought Ken Manchester ----- Original Message ----- From: "Thelma Henry" <thelmahenry@fsmail.net> To: <ENG-SHROPSHIRE-PLUS-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Wednesday, July 26, 2006 5:16 PM Subject: [ENG-SHROP] BENJAMIN VAUGHAN OF Ketley > Hi Listers, > I've just joined this list. I am looking for parents and siblings of > Benjamin Vaughan, Christened 1st June 1800 at Wellington. > IGI offers me John Vaughan as father and only Elizabeth for mother. Can > anybody add her maiden name to this please? Did Benjamin have siblings? > All information gratefully received. > Thanks in advance > Thelma > > > ==== ENG-SHROPSHIRE-PLUS Mailing List ==== > If you have sources of guaranteed information for family history/genealogy > research, please post brief details to the list and volunteer to do > look-ups - every little helps. > > ============================== > View and search Historical Newspapers. Read about your ancestors, find > marriage announcements and more. Learn more: > http://www.ancestry.com/s13969/rd.ashx > > > > -- > No virus found in this incoming message. > Checked by AVG Free Edition. > Version: 7.1.394 / Virus Database: 268.10.4/399 - Release Date: 7/25/2006 > >

Hi Listers, I've just joined this list. I am looking for parents and siblings of Benjamin Vaughan, Christened 1st June 1800 at Wellington. IGI offers me John Vaughan as father and only Elizabeth for mother. Can anybody add her maiden name to this please? Did Benjamin have siblings? All information gratefully received. Thanks in advance Thelma

Hello Everyone To get the multi-line link in Graham's message to work properly, as with all such links you might come across in e-mail messages, it is necessary to copy it and then paste it into something like Notepad where you can remove the Returns (two in this case) where the lines break. Once you have done this and it is all in one continuous line you can copy it again and paste it into your web browser. In this case it should bring up Google maps with a marker showing where the school is situated. Mike ______________________________________________________ rt17xxl wrote: > Due to the delayed progress of refurbishment work at the Shirehall, our > Society's September Meeting is changing venue AND date. Currently, only for > September (but keep checking our web-site for further news), we have had to > change venue and date so now it will be :- > > THURSDAY 21st Sept 7:15PM at Meole Brace School Science College, Longden Rd, > Shrewsbury, SY3 9DW > > We have managed to keep our speaker for this meeting, Louise Ferriday will > present "An Introduction to: The Lilleshall Archive Collection" > > Please tell your friends in case they don't check this web-site. > > Paste all of the following into your browser address to see a location map. > http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?f=q&hl=en&sll=52.695529,-2.768555&sspn=0.00655 > 4,0.053558&q=Meole+Brace+School+Science+College,+Longden+Rd,+Shrewsbury&ie=U > TF8&ll=52.696699,-2.774391&spn=0.006554,0.039911&om=1 > > Graham WILLIAMS > (WebMaster) > Shropshire Family History Society > webmaster@sfhs.org.uk > >

Due to the delayed progress of refurbishment work at the Shirehall, our Society's September Meeting is changing venue AND date. Currently, only for September (but keep checking our web-site for further news), we have had to change venue and date so now it will be :- THURSDAY 21st Sept 7:15PM at Meole Brace School Science College, Longden Rd, Shrewsbury, SY3 9DW We have managed to keep our speaker for this meeting, Louise Ferriday will present "An Introduction to: The Lilleshall Archive Collection" Please tell your friends in case they don't check this web-site. Paste all of the following into your browser address to see a location map. http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?f=q&hl=en&sll=52.695529,-2.768555&sspn=0.00655 4,0.053558&q=Meole+Brace+School+Science+College,+Longden+Rd,+Shrewsbury&ie=U TF8&ll=52.696699,-2.774391&spn=0.006554,0.039911&om=1 Graham WILLIAMS (WebMaster) Shropshire Family History Society webmaster@sfhs.org.uk -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.1.394 / Virus Database: 268.10.4/399 - Release Date: 25/07/2006 ___________________________________________________________ Try the all-new Yahoo! Mail. "The New Version is radically easier to use" – The Wall Street Journal http://uk.docs.yahoo.com/nowyoucan.html

Dave, Unfortunately I don't have Habberley PR’s to hand. Graham _____ From: Dave JONES [mailto:DMJONES@acas.org.uk] Sent: 26 July 2006 12:49 To: ENG-SHROPSHIRE-PLUS-L@rootsweb.com; rt17xxl@yahoo.co.uk Subject: RE: [ENG-SHROP] PERKS - Pontesbury Hi Graham I've just checked the 1851 census and Mary was still alive. It states born abt 1783 in Habberley, so maybe this is where they married? Thanks for the info on Thomas. Cheers Dave >>> "rt17xxl" <rt17xxl@yahoo.co.uk> 26/07/2006 11:36:44 >>> Dave, According to Pontesbury Printed PR p483 - 1809, Jan 29. Thos., s of William & Mary Perks ... Bap. No other Thomas in your timeframe. HTH Graham -----Original Message----- From: Dave JONES [mailto:DMJONES@acas.org.uk] Sent: 26 July 2006 11:05 To: ENG-SHROPSHIRE-PLUS-L@rootsweb.com Subject: [ENG-SHROP] PERKS - Pontesbury Hi, I'm new to this list and hope someone can assist. I'm trying to find the birth/baptism of a Thomas PERKS of Pontesbury around 1809/11. His parents were William and Mary. Also, any siblings would also be useful plus his mothers maiden name. In the 1841 census it has the mother and father as both 60 and a sister Mary 20. I realise that these figures have benn rounded up/down. At this time they were still in Pontesbury (Oaks). I hope this isn't too much to ask! Cheers Dave Jones Hazel Grove __________________________________________________________________ Should this communication contain any discussion of legal matters, this is not to be taken as an authoritative interpretation of the law. If you have received this communication and it was not intended for you, please dispose of it and let us know immediately, and treat any information in it as confidential. ___________________________________________________________________ Find out how Acas can help you visit our website, www.acas.org.uk, for the latest information on our seminars. ******************************************************************* ==== ENG-SHROPSHIRE-PLUS Mailing List ==== The 'SUBJECT' line is the first thing others will see - use it wisely. PLEASE do not just click on 'reply' - Change the subject line to describe more accurately the subject of *your* message. This is particularly important when replying to a 'Digest' ============================== Find your ancestors in the Birth, Marriage and Death Records. New content added every business day. Learn more: http://www.ancestry.com/s13964/rd.ashx -- No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.1.394 / Virus Database: 268.10.4/396 - Release Date: 24/07/2006 ________________________________________________________________________ This e-mail has been scanned for all viruses by Star. The service is powered by MessageLabs. For more information on a proactive anti-virus service working around the clock, around the globe, visit: http://www.star.net.uk ________________________________________________________________________ -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.1.394 / Virus Database: 268.10.4/396 - Release Date: 24/07/2006 __________________________________________________________________ Should this communication contain any discussion of legal matters, this is not to be taken as an authoritative interpretation of the law. If you have received this communication and it was not intended for you, please dispose of it and let us know immediately, and treat any information in it as confidential. ___________________________________________________________________ Find out how Acas can help you – visit our website, www.acas.org.uk, for the latest information on our seminars. ******************************************************************* -- No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.1.394 / Virus Database: 268.10.4/399 - Release Date: 25/07/2006 -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.1.394 / Virus Database: 268.10.4/399 - Release Date: 25/07/2006

Perks Huh? I Have a Perks in my line I have never really investigated. Supposed Lord Benjamin George Perks of Herefordshire, wife Mary, daughter Rachel May Perks. Any thoughts anyone? Renee Waring

Looking for a Sampson NEWELL in Shropshire. He had a daughter (Sarah NEWELL) born c1819 in Bridgnorth. Any help would be appreciated. TIA Clinton

Hi Graham I've just checked the 1851 census and Mary was still alive. It states born abt 1783 in Habberley, so maybe this is where they married? Thanks for the info on Thomas. Cheers Dave >>> "rt17xxl" <rt17xxl@yahoo.co.uk> 26/07/2006 11:36:44 >>> Dave, According to Pontesbury Printed PR p483 - 1809, Jan 29. Thos., s of William & Mary Perks ... Bap. No other Thomas in your timeframe. HTH Graham -----Original Message----- From: Dave JONES [mailto:DMJONES@acas.org.uk] Sent: 26 July 2006 11:05 To: ENG-SHROPSHIRE-PLUS-L@rootsweb.com Subject: [ENG-SHROP] PERKS - Pontesbury Hi, I'm new to this list and hope someone can assist. I'm trying to find the birth/baptism of a Thomas PERKS of Pontesbury around 1809/11. His parents were William and Mary. Also, any siblings would also be useful plus his mothers maiden name. In the 1841 census it has the mother and father as both 60 and a sister Mary 20. I realise that these figures have benn rounded up/down. At this time they were still in Pontesbury (Oaks). I hope this isn't too much to ask! Cheers Dave JonesHazel Grove __________________________________________________________________ Should this communication contain any discussion of legal matters, this is not to be taken as an authoritative interpretation of the law. If you have received this communication and it was not intended foryou, please dispose of it and let us know immediately, and treat anyinformation in it as confidential.___________________________________________________________________ Find! out how Acas can help you visit our website, www.acas.org.uk,for the latest information on our seminars. ******************************************************************* ==== ENG-SHROPSHIRE-PLUS Mailing List ====The 'SUBJECT' line is the first thing others will see - use it wisely. PLEASE do not just click on 'reply' - Change the subject line to describe more accurately the subject of *your* message.This is particularly important when replying to a 'Digest' ==============================Find your ancestors in the Birth, Marriage and Death Records.New content added every business day. Learn more:http://www.ancestry.com/s13964/rd.ashx -- No virus found in this incoming message.Checked by AVG Free Edition.Version: 7.1.394 / Virus Database: 268.10.4/396 - Release Date: 24/07/2006 ________________________________________________________________________ This e-mail has been scanned for all viruses by Star. The service is powered by MessageLabs. For more information on a proactive anti-virus service working around the clock, around the globe, visit: http://www.star.net.uk ________________________________________________________________________ -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.1.394 / Virus Database: 268.10.4/396 - Release Date: 24/07/2006 __________________________________________________________________ Should this communication contain any discussion of legal matters, this is not to be taken as an authoritative interpretation of the law. If you have received this communication and it was not intended for you, please dispose of it and let us know immediately, and treat any information in it as confidential. ___________________________________________________________________ Find out how Acas can help you � visit our website, www.acas.org.uk, for the latest information on our seminars. *******************************************************************