The real gold rush was to Victoria abt 1853. There is a good site to check passenger arrivals at Victoria http://www.prov.vic.gov.au/access.htm , it gives assisted and unassisted immigration from 1839 to 1923. It is an index and refers to fiche of actual passenger manifests. The fiche may give a few more details such as where the passenger comes from (but not often). NSW has limited shipping information available online but more is becoming available. If you can't find you ancestor here it was still possible he went to Victoria as some manifests were just "120 persons in steerage". Of historical interest is the little known Lord Grey scheme which in about 1848 to 1850 shipped around 10,000 girls aged around 14 - 18 to Australia, shiploads at a time. Most came from Irish orphanages but many were from Scotland and England. They were indentured for 2 years on arrival. The names of those sent to Victoria appear on the index. Newspaper articles and government documents of the day on the scheme showed what colonial sentiment was toward the girls and the Irish in general, I leave it to your imagination to figure out how they fared. David Rowntree Tasmania -----Original Message----- From: Pat & Derek [mailto:derek.phillips2@ntlworld.com] Sent: Tuesday, 15 March 2005 10:20 AM To: ENG-DUR-SUNDERLAND-L@rootsweb.com Subject: Re: [genealogy] Fw: [SUNDERLAND] Gold Mine Tim I meant I am the one with dual nationality I was being facetious in that if I can go to and fro to Oz then so could my ancestors ! It should have read me not be Sorry for the mistake Cheers Pat ----- Original Message ----- From: "tim sewell" <postmantim2@optusnet.com.au> To: "Pat & Derek" <derek.phillips2@ntlworld.com>; "ENG-DUR-SUNDERLAND-List" <ENG-DUR-SUNDERLAND-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Monday, March 14, 2005 11:09 PM Subject: Re: [genealogy] Fw: [SUNDERLAND] Gold Mine > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Pat & Derek" <derek.phillips2@ntlworld.com> > To: <ENG-DUR-SUNDERLAND-L@rootsweb.com> > Sent: Tuesday, March 15, 2005 6:09 AM > Subject: [genealogy] Fw: [SUNDERLAND] Gold Mine > > > > Should of thought of that one Stan be being a dual nationality as in > Aussie > > and Brit > > Don't think there would be too may goldmines in Lizard Lane -or maybe > > Cheers Pat > > Hi, Pat. > > Just a few simple comments - > > Australia and "Australian Nationality" did not exist in a legal sense until > the separate British colonies in Australia were formally united into a > Federation in 1901. No-one could have had "dual Aussie and Brit" > nationality in 1881. > > Legal Australian citizenship was only introduced much more recently. To > quote a government document "From the time of European settlement until > 1949, anyone born or naturalised in Australia was a "British subject." The > Nationality and Citizenship Act 1949, which came into being on 26 January > 1949, created Australian citizenship". > > "Real" (or "fair dinkum") Australian passports were an even later > development. Until 1973, all passports issued in Australia included the > words "British Citizen" on the front. > > > HTH > Tim S. > > > ==== ENG-DUR-SUNDERLAND Mailing List ==== Sunderland.com http://www.sunderland.com/ Sunderland Echo http://www.sunderland-echo.co.uk/