A Clip lad attached and detached single tubs, or sets of tubs, to or from ropes on haulage roads by means of clips or grips. The usual rope haulage employed was the endless-rope system which gave a continuous steady flow of coal to the shafts, the usual speed was low, 1 to 4 miles an hour. There were two rope systems, the under tub and the over tub, (and very rarely side-rope haulage) the clips in common use were the Fisher, the star and the Smallman. In the over tub system a common method of attaching the tubs was by the use of lashing chains. Stan Mapstone