Did someone post that M222 must be relatively young for a SNP because the STR values do not show wide variance? I may be misremembering, but I made a comparison chart for the 20 predicted (by me based on STR indicators) and tested M222s in my project who have tested to 67 markers. I found a great many GDs of 18, 19, and 20 among them. As a follow-up exercise, I made a smaller chart to compare five NWI members who live in different areas of Ireland and whose known ancestors were from the same area. I added one USA resident whose EKA cannot be traced to Scotland, but he was called "that canny Scot" by no less than George Washington whom he bested in a land sale. "Kildare" and "Scotland" are confirmed M222. Their GD comparisons came out as follows (numbers across top in same order as descending): 117643 Donegal 0 7 10 10 14 13 36715 Sligo 7 0 12 13 17 19 149181 Roscommon 10 12 0 12 13 17 92019 Monaghan 10 13 9 0 13 14 145320 Kildare 14 17 11 14 0 20 20413 Scotland? 13 19 17 14 20 0 All I can see in this is that the Scotland entry shows the greatest variance, and therefore may be the oldest. Paul