I don't think it is news to anyone that S660/DF109 is the monster sub-branch within M222, but I was just idly pushing some numbers around on a warm weekend morning and realized that it may be an even larger group than I had calculated the last time I went through this exercise. Perhaps others would be interested in these stats. Iain Kennedy's tree now has 117 individuals in it, if I counted them correctly. (I did this hastily, so I may be off by one or two.) Of these, the S568 group (now including PF1169) contains 7 individuals. The FGC4077 group (which has yet to produce a major subhaplogroup to divide its members) contains 15 individuals. The 97 others are all located in S660. In short, about five-sixths of M222 individuals are in S660; the other one-sixth are split between the two smaller groups, with FGC4077 twice the size of S568. Within S660, if you exclude the major S588 and DF85 branches, just under one-fourth are S660* and members of the recently identified small branches. The S588 population makes up a little over one-fourth and the DF85 branch about one half of the entire S660 group. Of that large latter branch, DF97 is the largest subordinate classification. With 32 members it makes up two-thirds of the DF85 branch by itself and amounts to more than one-fourth of the entire M222 population. DF97 may be that large because of statistical oversampling of some surnames and kindred groups, so these percentages may change a bit as time goes by. David Wilson