The big question do have the correct benchmark for the R-M222 study ? There are some very good > scientists and very good genealogists involved in the R-M222 Project and> there is good reason to believe in the Niall of the 9 Hostages origin. Others say we can not prove it .Fact is no one can disproved it... Full Definition of BENCHMARK a : a point of reference from which measurements may be made b : something that serves as a standard by which others may be measured or judged c : a standardized problem or test that serves as a basis for evaluation or comparison (as of computer system performance) Gene Ashley