Susan, If you subscribe to DNA-Forums, there is a search mechanism that will turn up a thread that started last June, when DF23 was discovered. The DF series apparently is being reported by an anonymous researcher who used the WTY material and the 1000 Genomes Project. The thread says that Thomas Krahn was informed of DF23, but he was having trouble preparing test primers for DF23. That was several months ago, and presumably he has not yet been able to do so. David Wilson weighs in on that thread to say he long has suspected that there are several SNPs between L21 and M222. If he is correct, and more are found upstream of M222 and none below, M222 will be proven to be quite young. But there are thousands of SNPs as yet undiscovered, so in my mind the jury is still out. However, many see SNPs, and not STRs, as the tools for deep ancestry research. After typing the above, I saw on another forum that L459 is now thought to be between L21 and all the downstream SNPs. In other words, the mutation chain is L21 to L459, which becomes the parent from which all the others in the former L21 group branch off. So our chain now is L21/L459/DF23/M222. Paul