Susan, I will order the df97 this evening. I hadn't realized the Milliken/Milligan results were df85 negative! I'm having trouble keeping up with the flow of new results. Very interesting! I have struggled to understand my Lowland connections, which never made any sense to me. Lowland shepherds did come up to my ancestral grounds in the 1700s with the sheep. I found such a McAdam family about 30 miles east of where my line was, but they returned to the Lowlands later on after the area started moving more to hunting estates, and my own line had been there for a long time before they ever showed up. I will post to the list later on the Irish gallowglass and provide the links I have for him. Allene Message: 6 Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2013 14:06:04 -0500 From: Susan Hedeen <[email protected]> Subject: Re: [R-M222] Another New DF85 Result To: [email protected] Message-ID: <[email protected]> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Dear Allene, Yes, you should order df97 for your df85+ result to see if it is +or- for df97. Both Milliken/Milligan results are df85 neg; hence what we may be looking at between the similarities in haplotypes between these McAdam and the one Milligan group is probably due to haplotype convergence. This happens and due to the random mutation process of the alleles. The Gallowglass story is interesting. Save that and the citation reference, please. Susan Hedeen On 11/13/2013 1:24 PM, Allene Goforth wrote: > Should I now order DF97? Have any of the Milligans ordered DF97 yet? >