Sandy, You have two third cousins R1b1a2 M222 unambiguous but not SNP. One born 1939 & the other born 1955 -- 16 years apart. At 37 markers they are identical to one another; however 8 off the M222 modal according to McGee; and 3 off the closest match of two others with-in the surname and Both of these have been SNP confirmed M222+ The most recent common ancestor of the *cousins* was a great grandfather who was born in *1842* (97 years previous to one & 113 years previous to the other) The MRCA's father was born in *1805* the 1805 ancestor's father was born in *1754* and the 1754 ancestor's father was born ca *1725* (this is the oldest known ancestor) (214 years previous to one & 230 years previous to the other) The markers represented off modal at 37 are: 385 b @ +1 439 @ -1 389-1 @ -1 392 @ +1 389-2 @ -1 459a @ +1 464B @ -1 576 @ +1 CDYa @ +1 CDYb @ +2 That appears to be 10 to me rather than the 8 that McGee states The markers off from the two with in the surname are: 385-b @ +1 392 @ +1 CDY-b @ +1 In consideration of the current Chandler mutation rates Question 1: how many years elapsed since the time of the most recent (yet distant) ON MODAL common ancestor Question 2: approximate time frame that DYS 392 mutated considering it's mutation rate and the fact that it was at it's current value in *1842* Question 3: Time to the MCRA between the cousins and the other two with in the surname.