Last night I was reading the DNA articles and discussions on the eupedia site. One interesting post was this one where it was argued that not only should we not use modern distribution to determine the origin of a haplogroup (commonly accepted, see origins of R1b) but neither should we use STR diversity, which I have argued for before on this list. http://www.eupedia.com/forum/showthread.php?25644-Why-it-is-wrong-to-assume-that-a-haplogroup-originated-where-it-is-most-frequent-now I don't know who the poster is or whether he has any relevant qualifications. He gives the age of M222 as 3000ybp but doesn't cite a reference or any data to back this up. Some of the maps and tables are excellent although they are high level compared with M222. I was however interested to see that it makes Wales to have a higher R1b concentration than either Ireland or Scotland, albeit based on rather thin data. http://www.eupedia.com/europe/european_y-dna_haplogroups.shtml Main portal page is http://www.eupedia.com/genetics/ Iain