Doc, I believe you are the one to coin the phrase "Pamunkey Davenport". What was your original definition? For the Davenport Surname DNA Project I have been using "a descendent of Davis Davenport" as my definition of a Pamunkey. But, as it turns out, it's not quite that simple. So far we have these six variations: 1. Davenports with good documentation demonstrating "Pamunkehood" plus DNA matching others with Pamunkey documentation. 2. Davenports with good Pamunkey documentation, but who don't match other documented Pamunkeys. 3. Davenports who believe they are a Pamunkey, can't find a connection, but match the documented Pamunkeys. 4. Davenports who believe they are a Pamunkey, can't find a connection, and the DNA does not match documented Pamunkeys. 5. Davenports who believe they are a Pamunkey, but match another line. 6. Davenports who believe they are another line, but match the Pamunkeys. I could easily call #1, 3, and 6 a Pamunkey. Their DNA matches other known descendents of Davis. For #2, documented but doesn't match, there are a number of possibilities. This could be bad documentation, but more likely it is a "paternity event". Somewhere up the line the father was not who we believe it to be. There could have been an adoption, an affair, a name change, or whatever. There is always the possibility when we test the Y-DNA, that results will not be what we expect - and that is not necessarily a bad thing. Most people assume it means the mother had an affair. So to help dispel that notion I have the following link on the DNA webpage. >http://www.davenportdna.com/Paternity.htm Maybe not a Pamunkey by blood, but he still shares the Davenport name and heritage. #4, believes he is a Pamunkey, no connections, no DNA match - probably means - not a Pamunkey. Usually the believed Pamunkey connection is a "best guess" based on where an ancestor once lived. We have several project participants who do not match any Davenport lines tested so far. As the project grows, and we can document more lines, these "unknowns" may make a connection. This happened recently with the Tidewater Davenports. Of course, they could also make a connection with a "non-Davenport". For # 5, believes he is Pamunkey but matches another line. Obviously he is not a Pamunkey and needs to refocus his research on the other line. So as Forrest Gump might say "A Pamunkey is who a Pamunkey is". If someone has a long standing tradition that he is a descendent of Davis, I see no reason to change that belief unless his DNA specially matches another Davenport line. Otherwise it would be extremely difficult to try to pinpoint any paternity event and locate the new surname. Bill Davenport >wbdave@aol.com Davenport Surname DNA Project Administrator ---------------------- In a message dated 9/1/2005 8:33:26 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time, JSDDOC@aol.com writes: PAMUNKEY DAVENPORTS AND OTHERS INTERESTED: Recent developments have brought to the fore the need to define who qualifies as a PAMUNKEY DAVENPORT, viz....