Rosemarie Courbois wrote: > My great grandfather emmigrated 1870 so does that mean he had to get > permission also? If so, would there be any record of that in the Czech > Republic today? My ggrandfather left in 1869. I hired professional researchers to look for a variety of records on him. While they were successful with some, they were not with finding any emigration permission, nor a passport record. There is suspicion that he left without permission. From what I understand, survival of records depends on the locality. Some have records, and some do not. The only way you will find out is to take on the quest. John Fiala