When you are looking in an index, keep a copy of the typewriter keyboard handy. (I simply made some photocopies of my keyboard and laminated them. Typos could have occurred in the creation of the index. For Example, for my main Czech Surnames, FRYBORT, TVRDIK, and ZEMEK, I always look for DRYBORT, ERYBORT, TRYBORT, GRYBORT, VRYBORT, and CRYBORT -- all the letters surrounding the F-key. Same for the other Surnames. Also, get a chart of the Palmer Method of Handwriting -- a system in use generations ago. I'll post a site of the chart as soon as I find it again. T could be confused with F and vice versa, for example. Check the chart for other letters that could be confused in Palmer Method handwriting. Finally, spell your Ancestor's Name aloud. Try to imagine an impatient or tired immigration clerk listening to someone with an accent. I have found in records F-R-Y-B-O-R-T entered as F-R-Y-B-O-R-G and many other variations. Be patient. Keep a sense of imagination, and above all, a sense of humour. Happy Hunting. John Frybort Goshen, Indiana, USA