There appears to be a considerable amount of confusion about Czech History and Czech Geography. The CZECH Mail List (This List) has a web site set up specifically to answer many of these questions in considerable detail: http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/%7Eelainetmaddox/czhistory.htm For "starters", I suggest Radio Prague's History Online Virtual Exhibit! How it all began: http://archiv.radio.cz/history/history02.html For the simplest of answers, prior to WWI there were three Crown Lands of the Austrian Monarchy; ie, Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. Also prior to WWI there was a part of Hungary Monarchy called Slovakia. Much of these lands were at one time (in the 8th and/or 9th century) a part of the older Greater Moravian Empire (see above). After WWI and the defeat of the Hungarian and Austrian Empire, the Areas of Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, and Slovakia were combined into the country which we all knew as Czechoslovakia. After the Velvet Revolution, the Czechs and Slovaks decided to part ways and the country of the Czech Republic (comprised of Bohemia and Moravia and parts of Silesia) and the Slovak Republic (from old Slovakia) were created. Bohemia has existed for hundreds of years (just like Moravia) and it still exists today! Anything associated with the geography of Bohemia is rightfully called "Bohemian" in English. Thus we have a place called the "Bohemian" Paradise; aka, Cesky raj. There are thousands of similar descriptions.