I must have missed a message or two...what does this have to do with CROATIA? Karen Heiser Weed, Siskiyou, CA ----- Original Message ----- From: "ashley tiwara" <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Saturday, April 23, 2005 6:17 PM Subject: [CROATIA-L] feminist movement > The women's movement in America first got organized around 1848. Sorry you > missed it. Women as labor leaders began to organize in the 1870's but it > wasn't until hundreds of women died in the Triangle fire, around 1910, that > much of the USA paid attention to sweat shop conditions. > Wyoming was the first territory of the USA to pass a women's suffrage > law. In the following year, 1870, women began serving on juries there. > Soon, other states offered limited voting rights to women, usually > accessible only if they were white, or held property. Colorado appears as > the first state to have a universal voting rights amendment to its > constitution, in 1893. By 1918, about 16 states had such laws or > amendments. The federal women's suffrage amendment finally passed in > Congress in 1919, about 40 years after Susan B. Anthony wrote that radical > proposal. It became the 19th amendment to the Constitution of the USA in > 1920 after ratification by the majority of the states. Interestingly, > President Wilson wasn't the one who signed it ' into law. ' The secretary > of State signed it. > > > > Kent Law School Union Hall of Honor > http://www.kentlaw.edu/ilhs/honor.htm > > Columbia Encyclopedia > http://www.answers.com/topic/feminism > ...the first feminist document was Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the > Rights of Women (1792). In the French Revolution, women's republican clubs > demanded that liberty, equality, and fraternity be applied regardless of > sex, but this movement was extinguished for the time by the Code Napoléon. > In North America, although Abigail Adams and Mercy Otis Warren pressed > for the inclusion of women's emancipation in the Constitution, the feminist > movement really dates from 1848, when Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia > Coffin Mott, and others, in a women's convention at Seneca Falls, N.Y., > issued a declaration of independence for women, demanding full legal > equality, full educational and commercial opportunity, equal compensation, > the right to collect wages, and the right to vote. Led by Elizabeth Cady > Stanton and Susan Brownell Anthony, the movement spread rapidly and soon > extended to Europe.... > [Please note that women had no right to the wages they earned outside the > home. Husbands or fathers had the legal right to the money they made. Pin > money, selling sewing or butter and eggs, was for some women a desperate > source of funds for their and their children's clothing, and even food. > Wanna guess why?] > > Mother Jones http://www.kentlaw.edu/ilhs/majones.htm > quoting the first paragraph of a short article: > The elderly woman smoothed her black dress and touched the lace at her > throat and wrists. Her snow-white hair was gathered into a knot at the nape > of her neck, and a black hat, trimmed with lavender ribbons to lend a touch > of color, shaded her finely wrinkled face. She was about five feet tall, but > she exuded energy and enthusiasm. As she waited to speak, her bright blue > eyes scanned the people grouped beyond the platform. Her kindly expression > never altered as her voice broke over the audience: "I'm not a > humanitarian," she exclaimed. "I'm a hell-raiser." > > Rosa Luxemburg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg > > > Golda Meier > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golda_Meir#Emigration_to_the_United_States.2C_1906 > > ....Her father worked as a carpenter in Milwaukee and her mother ran a > grocery store. Beginning when she was only eight years old, Golda oversaw > the store for a short time each morning as her mother was buying supplies at > the market. > When she was 14, her mother suggested that she give up school for work > and to marry an older man. Golda rebelled and ran away. She went to Denver, > where her older sister, Sheyna, was living. Here she met Morris Myerson, a > sign painter, who would later become her husband. > She returned to Milwaukee at the urging of her father when she was 18. > She began speaking and advocating.... > > Encyclopedia Britannica women at the crossroads > http://search.eb.com/women/crossroads02.html > > 1880: > Paiute Indian leader Sarah Winnemucca protests conditions on Indian > reservations. > 1880: > Women in Mississippi, New York, and Vermont win partial suffrage. 1881: > The Women's National Indian Association (originally known as the Central > Indian Committee) is founded by Mary Lucinda Bonney and Amelia Stone > Quinton. > 1881: > Clara Barton establishes the American branch of the Red Cross and becomes > its first president. > 1881: > Sophia Packard and Harriet Giles open a school for black women in an > Atlanta, Georgia, church basement. Their school will become known as Spelman > College. etc. > 1893: > Johns Hopkins Medical School opens. The women who donate the funding, > including Mary Elizabeth Garrett and Martha Carey Thomas, insist that men > and women be admitted equally. [ However, all faculty and staff remained > white until after WW2 ] etc. > > biographies at EB include: > > Florence Rena Sabin > (1871-1953), anatomist > Florence Sabin was born on November 9, 1871, in Central City, Colorado. She > was educated in Denver, Colorado, and Vermont and graduated from Smith > College, Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1893. > After teaching in Denver and at Smith to earn tuition money, she > entered the Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, in > 1896. While a student she demonstrated a particular gift for laboratory > work; her model of the brain stem of a newborn infant was widely reproduced > for use as a teaching model in medical schools. > After graduation in 1900 she interned in Johns Hopkins Hospital for a > year and then returned to the medical school to conduct research under a > fellowship awarded by the Baltimore Association for the Advancement of > University Education of Women. In 1901 she published An Atlas of the Medulla > and Midbrain, which became a popular medical text. In 1902, when Johns > Hopkins finally abandoned its policy of not appointing women to its medical > faculty, Sabin was named an assistant in anatomy, and she became the first > female full professor at Johns Hopkins in 1917.... > > > > History looks different when the contributions of women are included. > -National Women's History Project > > some books: > Sara Evans, Born for Liberty: A History of Women in America, 2nd ed. (1997) > This is a major text and is on a number of textbook and encyclopedia reading > list references. Notice that it's been popular enough to be in its second > edition. > > Karen Anderson, Changing Woman: A History of Racial Ethnic Women in Modern > America (1996). > > Paula Giddings, When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race > and Sex in America (1984) > >