The Red Stick - White Stick thing basicallyapplies to the Upper and Lower Creeks of historical period Muskogee towns in Alabama and extreme western Georgia. Other Creeks in Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina and South Carolina did not seem to divide themselves up that way. The federally recognized Alabama-Koasati of Texas have an excellent website that explains their history. The Koasati originally immigrated down the Tennessee River from eastern Tennessee. Some Koasati towns merged with the Creek Confederacy. Some did not. Others joined their fates with bands of Alabama. The Alabama was probably the first "civilized" Muskogeans in Alabama and Mississippi and are associated with Moundville. They originally occupied much of the territory that was occupied by the Choctaws and Creek Confederacy in the 1700s and 1800s - but this may also reflect the fact that individual Alabama towns joined up either with the Choctaws or the Creeks. I found a Alabama name for a major town in the Smoky Mountains too - Cholahuma - Red Fox - which was visited by the Spanish in the 1500s. Many Alabama and Koasati bands settled in Louisiana as did several Creek bands. Some Alabama and Koasati stayed, while others moved on west. Some Alabama's eventually settled in Oklahoma and joined the Creeks there. The Koasati's, Tuskegee's and Hitchiti's probably were the same people once. They were some of the first Muskogeans to arrive in the east. Their languages are very similar - basically dialects of the same language. Koasati's and Hitchiti's were also very similar in appearance, and different looking that the Muskogees. I know that my Uncle Earl was a spitting image of Chief Tomochichi, while a Koasati jar in the shape of a young man's head is a spitting image of me at age 16. Richard T. **************Get fantasy football with free live scoring. Sign up for FanHouse Fantasy Football today. (http://www.fanhouse.com/fantasyaffair?ncid=aolspr00050000000020)