Thank you! This was very helpful and I plan to do some research on the subject. Mary Hegarty ________________________________ From: D and R Hardie <darnhard@ozemail.com.au> To: countycork@rootsweb.com Sent: Wed, November 25, 2009 11:11:58 PM Subject: Re: [CO CORK] Cork Assizes September 1822 In 18th century Ireland 'resistance' groups started largely as a reaction to the harsh conditions of life in Ireland particularly for the peasants who did not own land & could be evicted summarily. Also the landlords attempted to enclose the 'common land' which the peasants needed to graze their own livestock, what little they had. One of the first of these groups was called the Whiteboys, they started in about 1761 in Tipperary or Limerick they swore oaths of secrecy & loyalty & attempted to fight against the landlords & their agents. One of the successful actions was throwing down the walls that had been erected around the common land. this movement spread & involved resistance to tithe proctors rackrenters evictors etc & included threatening letters to those who cooperated with the landlords & often involved violence against people & livestock. A quote from'Ireland Her Own' by T A Jackson: "Whatever may be said against the barbarity of their methods, it remains a fact that the Whiteboys did function as a Tenants' protection Society and an Agricultural Laborers' Union, and did establish a code of agrarian solidarity----" The authorities took severe action against them & enacted laws including" for administering or taking the whiteboy oath of fidelity". This attempt to put down resistance by fear of death was in the end not successful, many more resistance groups were formed with many different names, eg ribbonmen steelboys, oakboys rockites. In 1822 there was a rockite uprising in Munster in which Cork was involved & an Insurrection Act was passed which included a night curfew & trial without jury & many men were transported some were executed. It's a very big subject, I have hardly scratched the surface Robyn Hardie On 26/11/2009, at 9:30 AM, Norm Simcock wrote: > Please explain > > > >> It meant that you belonged to a seditious organisation like the >> whiteboys >> Robyn Hardie >> On 26/11/2009, at 4:38 AM, Mary Hegarty wrote: >> >>> Hello! >>> Not sure if this has already been answered. I'm behind on my >>> emails. Does anyone know why administering oaths would be punished >>> by transported for life? >>> Thank you! >>> Mary Hegarty >>> >>> >>> >>> ________________________________ >>> From: Dennis Ahern <ahern@world.std.com> >>> To: countycork@rootsweb.com >>> Cc: IRL-CORK-L@rootsweb.com >>> Sent: Mon, November 23, 2009 8:00:17 AM >>> Subject: Re: [CO CORK] Cork Assizes September 1822 >>> >>> >>> The Constitution or Cork Morning Post, 4 September 1822 -- >>> >>> CORK (POSTPONED) ASSIZES. [continued] >>> >>> COUNTY. >>> Thomas Duvall, assault, twelve months imprisonment. >>> Charles M'Carthy, Patrick Sullivan, John Sullivan, >>> abduction--to be hanged 7th Sept. >>> Darby Gallavan, Darby Quinlan, Robin Quinlan, John >>> M'Auliffe, Bryan M'Auliffe, Anthony Gibbons, Jeremiah >>> Dawley, administering oaths, to be transported for life. >>> James M'Carthy and Timothy M'Carthy, assault, six months >>> imprisonment. >>> William Duhigg, manslaughter, twelve months imprisonment, >>> and to give security. >>> John Hayes, stealing a shirt, one month's imprisonment. >>> John Austen, stealing wearing apparel, nine months >>> imprisonment. >>> John Brien, stealing a shirt, to be transported for seven >>> years. >>> Mary Herlihy, stealing shirts, one month's imprisonment. >>> Thomas Allen, sheep stealing, seven years transportation. >>> Mary Fitton, stealing wearing apparel, six months >>> imprisonment. >>> Daniel Wholahan and Patrick Wholahan, sheep stealing, seven >>> years transportation. >>> Catherine Sweeny, stealing wearing apparel, do. >>> Daniel Neal, stealing money, do. >>> Daniel Keeffe, forcible possession, 6 months imprisonment. >>> John Savage, stealing wearing apparel, seven years >>> transportation. >>> William Lamb, horse stealing, to be hanged 5th Oct. >>> Michael Crowley and Cornelius Crowley, for cow stealing, to >>> be transported for seven years. >>> Dennis Duggan, horse stealing, to be hanged 5th Oct. >>> John Cahill, murder, to be hanged 21st Sept. >>> Michael Buckley, sheep stealing, to be hanged 1st Oct. >>> Timothy Regan, sheep and goat stealing, seven years >>> transportation. >>> John Callaghan, sheep stealing, nine months imprisonment. >>> Mary Hart, stealing cotton, seven years transportation. >>> Wm. Casey, stealing leather, three months imprisonment. >>> Bart. Donovan, stealing lambs, seven years transportation. >>> William Mahony, Andrew Casey, and John Hassett, illicit >>> distillation, one month's imprisonment. >>> John Swiney, illicit distillation, fined 6d. >>> William Duggan, manslaughter, twelve months imprisonment. >>> David Sillis, burglary, to be hanged 28th Sept. >>> Cornelius Crowley and Cornelius Donovan, sheep stealing, >>> seven years transportation. >>> Joseph Morris, manslaughter, six months imprisonment. >>> Timothy Donovan, burglary, to be hanged 14th Sept. >>> William Costello and Walter Fitzmaurice, for the abduction of >>> Miss Goold, to be hanged 7th Sept. >>> William Griffin, administering an oath, transportation for >>> life. >>> Jeremiah Slattery, stealing money, twelve months >>> imprisonment. >>> Jeremiah Duggan, manslaughter, seven years transportation. >>> Ellen Connor and Ellen Hyde, for stealing thread, six months >>> imprisonment. >>> >>> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - >>> Dennis Ahern | Ireland Newspaper Abstracts >>> Acton, Massachusetts | http://www.IrelandOldNews.com >>> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - >>> Check out the Ireland GenWeb County Cork Website at: http:// >>> www.rootsweb.com/~irlcor/ >>> It is a good place to find information related to your family >>> research. >>> ------------------------------- >>> To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to COUNTYCORK- >>> request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes >>> in the subject and the body of the message >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> Check out the Ireland GenWeb County Cork Website at: http:// >>> www.rootsweb.com/~irlcor/ >>> It is a good place to find information related to your family >>> research. >>> ------------------------------- >>> To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to COUNTYCORK- >>> request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes >>> in the subject and the body of the message >> >> Check out the Ireland GenWeb County Cork Website at: >> http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlcor/ >> It is a good place to find information related to your family >> research. >> ------------------------------- >> To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to >> COUNTYCORK-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' >> without the >> quotes in the subject and the body of the message >> > Check out the Ireland GenWeb County Cork Website at: http:// > www.rootsweb.com/~irlcor/ > It is a good place to find information related to your family > research. > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to COUNTYCORK- > request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes > in the subject and the body of the message Check out the Ireland GenWeb County Cork Website at: http://www.rootsweb.com/~irlcor/ It is a good place to find information related to your family research. ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to COUNTYCORK-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message