Hello, Carolyn-- In the U.S. Census, "PA" stands for "papers," meaning that the person had filed his declaration of intent to become a U.S. citizen. This was the first step toward attaining citizenship, often called "first papers." Many people never proceeded beyond this point. "NA" means "naturalized." So somewhere between 1900 and 1910, Francis Williams followed up on his declaration of intent and received his "final papers." >From this information, it may be possible to find his naturalization papers. One problem with this is that prior to 1906, a person could be naturalized at any of a number of different courts--municipal, county, state, Federal. But with persistence, it's usually possible to locate them. You don't say where Francis was living after 1880, but you should start your search near where he lived in 1900 and 1910. Will see what I can find regarding his arrival in the U.S. Please keep in mind that immigration dates often vary between censuses--did you pick up all of them? Best of luck in your search-- Sue Budlong in Falls Church, Virginia, U.S.A. ____________________________________________________________ The #1 Worst Carb Ever? Click to Learn #1 Carb that Kills Your Blood Sugar (Don't Eat This!) http://thirdpartyoffers.juno.com/TGL3141/545fd27760d33527712b6st02vuc