WEST BRITON AND CORNWALL ADVERTISER - transcribed by Julia Mosman 3 JANUARY 1851 EDITORIAL - EMIGRATION TO AUSTRALIA  We have received a communication from MR. RICHARD MOYLE, auctioneer and commission agent, now residing at Adelaide, South Australia, and who formerly carried on business at Falmouth, Penryn, and Redruth. He requests publication in the West Briton of particulars which he states are in every respect authentic, in regard to the eligibility of South Australia as a field for emigration; and he adds, that on giving this information, his only object is the good of his fellow countrymen, who, in South Australia, may get a plentiful supply of work at remunerative wages. He says that that colony possesses all the elements of prosperity, and that it is preferable to Sydney, Port Phillip, and the Cape of Good Hope.  The climate is excellent, the reports of the summer heat and the hot winds having been greatly exaggerated. His letter is dated July 4, 1850, about the middle of winter in that country, and he says the weather was then most agreeably mild, and the gardens full of prolific vegetation. Of the mines he writes as follows:   "Here is a vast field of wealth to be developed. The whole country abounds with minerals, and its prospects are such as to justify the most sanguine anticipations. What a pity that the English capitalists do not direct their serious attention to this colony; they would not much longer throw away their money in Mexico, Chili, and Cuba; and if two thousand miners were to come here annually for the next ten years, I do not think its effect would be perceptible in the value of labour, as many more mines would be opened, which cannot be done now from the want of workmen. Miners realize on tribute from GBP 16 to GBP 30 per month, and tut-work about GBP 8 per month; and most of the miners have their cow and horse. The Burra Burra mine is divided into two thousand shares, and cost originally only GBP 5 per share, but were selling four months since at GBP 140 per share, and are now selling at GBP 210. There is a township marked out near the mine, called Redruth, and many of the miners are building houses; the population there is about five thousand. MR. HENRY AYERS, the manager of the Burra Burra mines, is very much respected. A great many of the miners, who are young men, keep their horses for their amusement." With regard to agriculture and wages, he states:   "Here are millions of acres of the most fertile land, and if ten thousand labourers were to arrive annually it would be a great benefit to the colony and a blessing to themselves. They get from 12s. to 20s. per week, with their rations, but by industry and care they soon make head and become their own masters. I could name some whom I knew at home almost pennyless, and who have been here only about eighteen months or two years, and have now their dray with six or eight oxen, and their cow or two, and about twenty acres of land all their own. Industrious couples who come here need not fear; the greater their poverty at home the greater their success frequently here; therefore I entreat them to come all who can, and the larger their families the better. There are exceedingly fine cattle here;  milch cows fetch from 12s to 25s. each; oxen from 30s to 50s. each; good meat, mutton or beef, 2d. per pound; choice cuts, 3d. per ditto. The horses are exceedingly fine; a good saddle or draught horse may be had for from GBP 10 to GBP 20, and many young horses  imported from Sydney and Van Dieman's Land, are sold at from 50s. to 70s.; they are fit for immediate work, and most of them become excellent horses. Of fruits, we have the finest apples, pears, apricots, peaches, grapes, &c., and this will no doubt become one of the first wine-producing countries. The land will produce with but little labour, wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, cotton, flax, or almost anything. Of timber, we have the finest for ship-building. Brick makers, or brick layers, as many as may come, are sure of employ, at GBP 2.2s. per week; masons get from 35s. to 42s. per week; carpenters and wheelwrights, if good workmen, may be certain of obtaining 42s. per week; shoe making is a first rate business here, and instant employment may be had at from 42s. to 50s. per week; journeymen tailors get for making a dress coat 21s., trousers 6s., vest 5s.; tin-plate workers have GBP 2.2s. per week.   He states that hat and cloth and gas manufacturing, would be found profitable businesses, if there were capitalists to commence them. Clerks, shopmen, &c. who come over without capital are the most unfortunate class in the colony; he knows many clergymen's and merchants' sons, clerks, and respectable but unfortunate tradesmen at hom, who are in the greatest distress in Australia, and obliged to engage in driving bullocks, sheep herding, and employments of that kind. No one should go out unless he is able and willing to work hard, or has capital to assist himself. Mr Moyle next speaks of the value of capital as applied to house building, and of the rapid increase of houses at Adelaide and in the surrounding country. He does not think the people are anxious for separation from England, but they will not long submit to taxation without representation. The revenue of the colony is fast increasing, and there is good travelling accommodation, - first-rate inns, and coaches with four horses similar to the English mails. Mr. Moyle states that good female servants would be immediately engaged on their arrival in the colony, but he cautions them against the misconduct of the master, doctors, and mates of the passenger ships. If female emigrants misconduct themselves on their passage, it is soon known throughout Adelaide after their arrival, and of course it is greatly to their disadvantage. He advises them to report any misbehavior towards themselves, on their arrival, and the whole of the Adelaide press would instantly unite in their favour. He complains that persons who have made selections of females to send out to the colony, have not been sufficiently careful with regard to their characters. Thus those that Miss Burdett Coutts sent out from ill-judged philanthropy from the Magdalen Institution, termed "reformed characters," and some "Irish orphans" sent out in another ship, had most of them become pests in the colony. He also gives advice to emigrants to bring their own wine and spirits, or porter on board with them (the two former from the bonded stores) and not to trust to the promised liberality of the captains or agents, who charge extortionate prices for watered liquor. Persons cannot do better than to bring four or five hundred red herrings, a cheese, some pickles, and  good tea, from which they will find relief after eating the "mahogany," as they call the junks of salt beef on shipboard. He states that the provisions in the ship he sailed in were disgraceful, and that half of the passengers were reduced to skeletons on their arrival; and in conclusion he gives particulars showing the improvements that are about to be made at Adelaide by the construction of water- works, the making of roads, and the anticipated formation of a railway. Julia Mosman, OPC for St.Austell,Charlestown, and Treverbyn Website at http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~staustell W. Briton newspaper transcripts at http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~wbritonad Please visit the OPC website at http://cornwall-opc.org

Good morning listers, I read in the article below on the Cornish list and thought it would be of interest to South Australians, so I asked permission from the List contributor Julie Mosman for permission to put it on our list. This was her reply plus the article. I do know that many South Australians belong to the Cornish list because of our heritage, but others may not. "Wouldn't mind at all, as long as you give our website addie, and a mention that we have lots of articles re Aus; advertisements for transportation, including offers of free land, or even if a single man brings a sister, both get free passage, and other articles about emigrating. Not that we like publicity (g), but people might like to know about those things, and often don't know it's available for free on our website. When we post 1852 (in about 3 more weeks) there will be lots more, since the discovery of gold was like a bomb. I remember typing one article about how gold fever was leaving all the cities empty, with no one to do routine jobs. They imploded!" WEST BRITON AND CORNWALL ADVERTISER - transcribed by Julia Mosman 3 JANUARY 1851 EDITORIAL - EMIGRATION TO AUSTRALIA  We have received a communication from MR. RICHARD MOYLE, auctioneer and commission agent, now residing at Adelaide, South Australia, and who formerly carried on business at Falmouth, Penryn, and Redruth. He requests publication in the West Briton of particulars which he states are in every respect authentic, in regard to the eligibility of South Australia as a field for emigration; and he adds, that on giving this information, his only object is the good of his fellow countrymen, who, in South Australia, may get a plentiful supply of work at remunerative wages. He says that that colony possesses all the elements of prosperity, and that it is preferable to Sydney, Port Phillip, and the Cape of Good Hope.  The climate is excellent, the reports of the summer heat and the hot winds having been greatly exaggerated. His letter is dated July 4, 1850, about the middle of winter in that country, and he says the weather was then most agreeably mild, and the gardens full of prolific vegetation. Of the mines he writes as follows:   "Here is a vast field of wealth to be developed. The whole country abounds with minerals, and its prospects are such as to justify the most sanguine anticipations. What a pity that the English capitalists do not direct their serious attention to this colony; they would not much longer throw away their money in Mexico, Chili, and Cuba; and if two thousand miners were to come here annually for the next ten years, I do not think its effect would be perceptible in the value of labour, as many more mines would be opened, which cannot be done now from the want of workmen. Miners realize on tribute from GBP 16 to GBP 30 per month, and tut-work about GBP 8 per month; and most of the miners have their cow and horse. The Burra Burra mine is divided into two thousand shares, and cost originally only GBP 5 per share, but were selling four months since at GBP 140 per share, and are now selling at GBP 210. There is a township marked out near the mine, called Redruth, and many of the miners are building houses; the population there is about five thousand. MR. HENRY AYERS, the manager of the Burra Burra mines, is very much respected. A great many of the miners, who are young men, keep their horses for their amusement." With regard to agriculture and wages, he states:   "Here are millions of acres of the most fertile land, and if ten thousand labourers were to arrive annually it would be a great benefit to the colony and a blessing to themselves. They get from 12s. to 20s. per week, with their rations, but by industry and care they soon make head and become their own masters. I could name some whom I knew at home almost pennyless, and who have been here only about eighteen months or two years, and have now their dray with six or eight oxen, and their cow or two, and about twenty acres of land all their own. Industrious couples who come here need not fear; the greater their poverty at home the greater their success frequently here; therefore I entreat them to come all who can, and the larger their families the better. There are exceedingly fine cattle here;  milch cows fetch from 12s to 25s. each; oxen from 30s to 50s. each; good meat, mutton or beef, 2d. per pound; choice cuts, 3d. per ditto. The horses are exceedingly fine; a good saddle or draught horse may be had for from GBP 10 to GBP 20, and many young horses  imported from Sydney and Van Dieman's Land, are sold at from 50s. to 70s.; they are fit for immediate work, and most of them become excellent horses. Of fruits, we have the finest apples, pears, apricots, peaches, grapes, &c., and this will no doubt become one of the first wine-producing countries. The land will produce with but little labour, wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, cotton, flax, or almost anything. Of timber, we have the finest for ship-building. Brick makers, or brick layers, as many as may come, are sure of employ, at GBP 2.2s. per week; masons get from 35s. to 42s. per week; carpenters and wheelwrights, if good workmen, may be certain of obtaining 42s. per week; shoe making is a first rate business here, and instant employment may be had at from 42s. to 50s. per week; journeymen tailors get for making a dress coat 21s., trousers 6s., vest 5s.; tin-plate workers have GBP 2.2s. per week.   He states that hat and cloth and gas manufacturing, would be found profitable businesses, if there were capitalists to commence them. Clerks, shopmen, &c. who come over without capital are the most unfortunate class in the colony; he knows many clergymen's and merchants' sons, clerks, and respectable but unfortunate tradesmen at home, who are in the greatest distress in Australia, and obliged to engage in driving bullocks, sheep herding, and employments of that kind. No one should go out unless he is able and willing to work hard, or has capital to assist himself. Mr Moyle next speaks of the value of capital as applied to house building, and of the rapid increase of houses at Adelaide and in the surrounding country. He does not think the people are anxious for separation from England, but they will not long submit to taxation without representation. The revenue of the colony is fast increasing, and there is good travelling accommodation, - first-rate inns, and coaches with four horses similar to the English mails. Mr. Moyle states that good female servants would be immediately engaged on their arrival in the colony, but he cautions them against the misconduct of the master, doctors, and mates of the passenger ships. If female emigrants misconduct themselves on their passage, it is soon known throughout Adelaide after their arrival, and of course it is greatly to their disadvantage. He advises them to report any misbehavior towards themselves, on their arrival, and the whole of the Adelaide press would instantly unite in their favour. He complains that persons who have made selections of females to send out to the colony, have not been sufficiently careful with regard to their characters. Thus those that Miss Burdett Coutts sent out from ill-judged philanthropy from the Magdalen Institution, termed "reformed characters," and some "Irish orphans" sent out in another ship, had most of them become pests in the colony. He also gives advice to emigrants to bring their own wine and spirits, or porter on board with them (the two former from the bonded stores) and not to trust to the promised liberality of the captains or agents, who charge extortionate prices for watered liquor. Persons cannot do better than to bring four or five hundred red herrings, a cheese, some pickles, and good tea, from which they will find relief after eating the "mahogany," as they call the junks of salt beef on shipboard. He states that the provisions in the ship he sailed in were disgraceful, and that half of the passengers were reduced to skeletons on their arrival; and in conclusion he gives particulars showing the improvements that are about to be made at Adelaide by the construction of water-works, the making of roads, and the anticipated formation of a railway. Julia Mosman, OPC for St.Austell,Charlestown, and Treverbyn Website at http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~staustell W. Briton newspaper transcripts at http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~wbritonad Please visit the OPC website at http://cornwall-opc.org