Now you're talking thousands of years ago folks....and most of this is theory and from what I can gather changes almost daily...:) The great flood I think might be Noah's time... Char ----Original Message Follows---- From: "Daniel Jenkins" <[email protected]> Reply-To: [email protected] To: [email protected] Subject: Re: Ashkenazi, Native Americans, DNAPrint, Yadda, Yadda (was [DNA] in light o... Date: Sat, 26 Mar 2005 12:33:45 +0000 To follow along with Ann's statement. I have somewhat concluded by my studies of the Kurgan Culture, which I believe to be the source of R , later R1a and R1b, that they with the farmer people who were the ancient ancestors of the Jewish peoples are the common ancestors that provided the shared DNA that is now found in so many seemingly different groups. About 5600bce ,[ The Deluge] The Kurgans and the Black Sea farmers were thrust together and spent about 1000 years living near and amongst each other while both retained their individuality. This was probably very beneficial as now farming could become easier with the use of the horse and other animals that the Kurgans brought with them. With greater productivity of crops , there would have been less need for the Kurgans to be nomadic chasing vegetation to feed their stock. But by about 4400bc they were to forever split from each other and now the protoceltic peoples who evolved from that 1000 years of probable intermarriage and other were to change the face of Europe and nearby Asia. As a note my haplogroup is R* maybe R1 ,[still waiting] , my haplotype markers are shared with about 50% of Ashkenazi Levites. There is no known Jewish connections in my line since at least 1260 in England. Ellen would probably best at anaylizing this and commenting. This is only MY theory based on my research and a lot is based on the works of Marija Gimbutas. Marija was not aware of Ryan and Pittsman's discoveries regarding The Great Flood. Dan Jenkins