FYI...Char ----- Original Message ----- From: meyerma@webtv.net Sent: Sunday, April 22, 2001 8:46 PM Subject: rudiments of republicanism Charles K. Bolton in SCOTCH-IRISH PIONEERS IN ULSTER AND AMERICA (1981) states "The McCrerys (or McCrearys), Greens, Hannah, Abernathys, Millers, Beards, Wellses, Coffees, Gishams, Bartons, Youngs, McClures, Adamses, and the McDaids settled in Newberry between the Broad and the saluda. After them came the Caldwells, Thompsons, Youngs, Fairs, Carmichaels, Hunters, McClellans, Greggs, Wilsons, Conners, Neals, Camerons, Flemings, McCallas, Montgomerys, Sloans, Spencers, Wrights, Glenns,Chalmerses, McCrackenses, and Glasgows....These many surnames survive everywhere along the rivers and in thmountain settlements" (p. 294). [Bolton cites Mill's Statistics of SC p. 639 and O'neall's ANNALS OF NEWBERRY PP. 47, 49. Lillian C. Martin cites O'Neall in stating that the Abernathys were "Seceders," i.e., former Presbyterians who had withdrawn from the Presbyterian Church, but who later became members of Associate Reformed Presbyterian (A.R.P.) Church.] Lillian C. Martin writes: "The names of these families in Ulster [northern Ireland] are intensely Scottish. Among them were the Abernathys and Lindsays. Many other families who later settled in Newberry Co. SC along with the Abernathys and Lindsays, were the Hannas, Porters, McCrearys, Youngs and others....About 1756, following Braddock's defeat, a number of immigrants from PA came to SC, seeking homes and farms safe from the French and Indian menace ofthe frontier. The names of some of these first settlers in Newberry Co. were Hanna, Abernathy, McCreary, Young, Green and others--the same names previously found in Ulster. They came, no doubt, as many of the earlier pioneers did, by the rough, rugged, overland route, some in wagons, some on foot, driving their horses, cattle, hogs and turkeys before them." Ms. Martin's account of Abernathy history appeared in OUR ANCESTORS IN 1953. According to Andrew P. McCormick in SCOTCH-IRISH IN IRELAND AND IN AMERICA (1897): "The whole Protestant element in Ulster had been welded into one race--the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians....They prospered and multiplied; they filled the Province of Ulster, and made all its waste places to blossom. But it became the policy of England to check the prosperity and growth of wealth in Ireland, to limit its production and put ruinous restrictions and burdens on its trade. Migration became a necessity....The Presbyterians from the north of Ireland did not begin to make strong settlements in VA or NC until after 1730....By 1740 a continuous stream ofemigrants was flowing out of the north of Ireland to the Delaware River. THey settled in companies in PA and VA, organized congregations, schools and churches, and continued to cultivate the type of civilization to which they had been bred in Ireland. A few of them at an early day followed the path of the Indian traders through the valley of VA and the Piedmont districts intothat portion of NC drained by the Yadkin and Datawba Rivers....These rivers and creeks each has its bottom-land, a strip of varying width, on each side of the stream only a little above ordinary high water. These bottoms are almost uniformly of generous fertility" (pp. 9-13). Lillian Martin wrote: "They found,in the fertile lands to which they came, with rich pasturage and luxduriant forests, all that Nature could supply for their first necessities. Large numbers of wild horses and cattle, in addition, were found in the woods of Carolina, many were caught and domesticated, and stock-raising at once became a prolific source of wealth. It was in this kind of life, habituated to the use of the saddle int he woods for days and weeks together, that the early settlers became such expert horsemen and so inured to exposure and hardship as to meet successfully the extraordinary demends of the great struggle that was soon to overtake them, the American Revolution. Into this struggle, the recently-arrived settlers threw themselves with fervor and vigor, because it held out tothem promise of thefreedom and peace for which they had come o this New World." According to an article "The Scotch Among Us" by John K. Galbraith which appeared in Readers Digest in February 1986, the "first large-scale migration, as many as a half million between 1730 and 1770, came by way of Ireland. The Scotch-Irish ahd been induced to reside in Ulster by the English and then were denied the English market for the wool on which their livelihood depended. Immigrating to New England, they went to Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine. Many morewent to PA, where the Quakers valued them initially as a buffer against the Indians, and came eventually to believe that the Indians were more benigh (p. 134). "Unlike the Irish or the Italians, the Scotch did not congregate in a dense orban mass. Rather, they spread out over the countryside. However, there were Scottish settlements in farm areas that were liberally populated by clansmen. To these they brought the livestock for which Scotland is noted--the Ayrshires, Scotch shorthorns, Aberdeen Angus cattle and the stylish, white-stockinged Clydesdale horses" (p. 135). 'They also brough a variety of traits" such as being hard-working, being thrifty, having a concern for education (e.g., Princiton in NJ and Carnegie-Mellon in Pittsburgh), being philanthropic (Andrew Carnegie and libraries), being exceptionally law-abiding (there are no great Scottish criminals), along with personal honesty and sexual purity" (p. 135). The "Scotch-Irish were exactly the kind of people needed to settle the American frontier. They were sturdy, hard-working people who loved their home and family. They were democratic and religious by nature but stern and unrelenting to their enemies." They "believed in democracy not only in church affairs, but in politics as well." In the Presbyterian form of church government, each "congregation sent delegates to church assemblies which made rules for the congregations. They thought these same democratic principles which worked so well for the church might easily be applied to the government of the colony....Since they alsothought that everyone should be able to read the Bible for himself, schools were important to them" (p. 76, THE NORTH CAROLINA COLONY by William S. Powell). McCormick (1897) concurs: "The religious doctrines of the Scotch-Irish inspired and controlled their political opinions. In forming and maintaining their constitution of church government, their discipline, their modes of worship and their creed, they had learned the rudiments of republicanism before they immigrated to America" (p. 16, SCOTCH-IRISH IN IRELAND AND IN AMERICA). MARY IN TX<br clear=all><hr>Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at <a href="http://explorer.msn.com">http://explorer.msn.com</a><br></p>