Well, in my last email, I told you I had sent my mtDNA to National Geographic for their project...I got and sent it in last Friday...but didn't have a chance to view the DVD that came with it...wow! On the DVD is instructions for taking the swab...and... The National Geographic program *The Journey of Man*...I believe it was the same shown on their NG program...wow....Dr. Spencer Wells is the narrator....wow...he travelled all the way to Africa, India and Austrialia to get blood samples for this project.... His findings....we all came from one tribe out of Africa...they had a clicking language of sorts...mix words and clicks I'd say...you might have seen this in another NG program because I had heard of them before...he proves with the Y DNA marker that one branch of this family came from Africa around the Coast through India and into Austrialia...but to prove his theory further he went into India and found the marker that showed they had indeed gone that route... Another branch of this tribe in Africa went into let's see, the middle east, then into Russia...Kurestan...hmmm, I'll have to watch it again to make sure...then from there they went into Europe-France, from there to Sibera and indeed from Sibera into Alaska all during the Ice age...then from Alaska down through Canada to the US and he traced that original group to the Navajo Indians....and then on down into South America.... He has done this all with the Y DNA tests - that Y Chrom goes unchanged from generation to generation and each step of the way, he has found it in various groups through out the world, all coming back to the tribe in Africa!! In these Y tests he looked for specific markers that were present in tests from prior regions...in Austrialia he found the same marker in the aboriginals there as in the tribe in Africa... Amazing...just amazing...it was worth the kit to watch that program......:) So I encourage you, if you are female on this list to participate and if male - likewise - it will give you a deeper understanding of just where you came from.... And remember - we really are all cousins!! Char