July 20, 1869 VILLAGE RECORD Obituary DEATH OF DR. CALEB COATES - In Philadelphia, at the residence of his son-in-law, Richard Mather, June 19th, Dr. Caleb Coates, expired at the ripe age of 90. Dr. C. Coates was the brother of the late and lamented Dr. Jesse Coates, and the only surviving child of Moses Coates, the founder of our flourishing Coatesville. Dr C. Coates, was one of the pioneer of dental science and practiced the profession over half a century. He is believed to have been the inventor of porcelain teeth, and had at one period a very large patronage. For honesty, truthfulness and high moral tone the Dr. never had a superior. In the death of this second son of Moses Coates we have the total extinction of this branch, of a large, honorable, and well known family. (Coatesville Union.)

"The Pennsylvania Genealogical Catalogue: Chester County 1809-1870" =========== August 8, 1868 VILLAGE RECORD Death Notice COATES - On second day, the 3d inst., Dr. JESSE COATES, in his 73d year. =========== February 7, 1860 VILLAGE RECORD Death Notice On the 1st of 2d mo., 1860, at his residence in Londonderry township, WARRICK COATES, Sr., aged 80 years and 3 days. He had resided in that township, near 60 years. ============ February 20, 1855 VILLAGE RECORD Death Notice On the 11th of 1st month, at the residence if his brother, Warwick Coates, jr., in Upper Oxford township, SAMUEL COATES, in the 50th year of his age. At the same place, on the 25th of the same mo., HARVEY, aged 19 months, son of Warwick and Ruthanna Coates. ==============

We have two DNA results that we are waiting on to come back from AZ and we had a new DNA member join yesterday...the one that joined yesterday is out of a VA group...believed to be VA...he goes VA/TN/TX.... More when they come in... Again a reminder if you have a male surnamed Coats, Coates, Coate or variation...please consider joining our DNA project....I do believe it has been the most helpful method to date t help us sort everyone into groups!! Char Coats, Coate, Coates Digital Archive http://www.coatsarchive.us

----Original Message Follows---- From: Andrew Skipper <[email protected]> To: Charlotte Coats <[email protected]> Subject: James Gabriel Coates Date: Mon, 1 Aug 2005 13:15:31 -0700 (PDT) Charlotte, This article tells of the roots of the Coates family in America. Hope this helps. http://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/coates.htm Andrew

FYI.... ----Original Message Follows---- From: "Charlotte Groff" <[email protected]> Reply-To: [email protected] To: [email protected] Subject: [DNA] Success Story Date: Sun, 31 Jul 2005 13:16:55 -0400 Hi List Members, Since some of you have requested genealogical success stories, here's one. My Boone Family had two competing stories: 1) my 4th great-grandfather was Squire Boone's brother (uncle of Col. Daniel) and 2) my 4th great-grandfather was Johann Diehl Bohun who came to PA as a widower from Germany c1740. I hoped DNA could settle the question, but we had no surviving male descendants from my 3rd great-grandfather, Daniel Boon who died in Berrien Springs, MI. Using a computer and telephone, I contacted Boones still living in Boone's Mill, VA. Distant cousins helped me locate two current male Boones who descend from my Daniel's brothers. Their DNA matched each other, but NOT Col. Daniel's or anyone else's in the Boone Project. I asked for help from this List in April 2005. Thanks to all of you who replied and especially to Boone Project Manager Dell Boone Ariola and Phil Goff. I updated to 25 markers as all of you suggested. Then Dell tested a gentleman from Germany who has a paper trail back to 1525. I got word yesterday that he was a 12/12 match with one cousin and 11/12 with the other. His paper trail showed that his ancestor was a brother to Johann Diel Bohun above. DNA had done it again! We now have the correct lineage for my Boone Family. Incidentally, both Col. Daniel and Johann's descendants have the Boone humped nose. Somewhere there must be a common gene among these lines. Hope everyone has as much good luck as I did. Thanks for your support. Charlotte Groff ==============================

"This Was The Life (excerpts from the judgment records of Frederick County, Maryland 1748-1765)" by Millard Milburn Rice March Court of 1750[/51] pg. 69 = In a suit by William Cumming, Esquire, against Henry Gaither, the latter is accused of killing "a certain mastiff dogg belonging to the said William Cumming of the price of 20 pounds sterling." The case was referred to a jury composed of Edward Owen, William Williams son of Thomas, Charles Coates, Garah Davis, Robert Debutts, Richard Touchstone, Thomas Dowden, Wadsworth Wilson, Hendery Allison, John Purdom, William Wallace and William Wheat. The jurors found for the defendant and ordered Cumming to pay him 808 1/4 pounds of tobacco for his costs and charges. November Court of 1753 pg. 129 = John Elliot is presented in Court charged with stealing a ewe of the value of 100 pounds of tobacco. Elliot denies his guilt and demands a jury trial. A jury is impaneled as follows: David Linn, Hugh Riley, Stephen Newton Chizwell, Charles Coates, William Brashears, Benjamin Harris, John Hipkins, Solomon Turner, William Offutt son of William, James Offutt, Alexander Waddle and Robert Lazenby. The jury finds Elliot guilty and the Court orders that he be taken by the Sheriff "to the whipping post and given ten lashes on his bare body well laid on and sat him for the space of one half hour in the pillory and that execution thereof be done immediately." ============== "Inhabitants of Frederick County Maryland Volume 1 1750-1790" by Stefanie R. Shaffer A list of the taxables taken in Sugarland Hundred by Arthur Hickman, Constable, for the year 1761 pg. 41 = Chas. Coats, Andrew Williams - taxed as 2 ============== "Abstracts of Chancery Court Records of Maryland 1669-1782" by Debbie Hooper pg. 10 = Coates, Leonard and his wife, Martha, admx. of William Russell. (Arch. of Md, v. LI, p. 539). 1679. "...said Martha since his [Wm. Russell] during her widdowhood." (Arch. of Md. v. LXVIII, p. 208). Anne Arundel Co. ================ "Pioneers of Old Monocacy The Early Settlement of Frederick County Maryland 1721-1743" by Grace L. Tracey and John P. Dern pg. 371 = Charles Coats included on long list of "Petitioners Seeking Creation of Frederick County, 1742 (through division of Prince George's County) =============== "The Maryland Gazette 1727-1761" by Karen Mauer Green pg. 206 = Capt. Coates, in the Ship Hannah, who loaded at Patapsco last year, bound for London, was taken by a French Privateer. - Thursday, 9 February 1758, No. 666. pg. 194 = Ship arrivals: Ship Hannah, Capt. Timothy Coates, from London - Thursday, 16 June 1757, No. 632. pg. 200 = Ship departures: Ship Hannah, Capt. Timothy Coates, for London. - Thursday, 29 September, 1757, No. 647. pg. 107 = Richard Snowden has land for sale: "Snowden's Reputation Supported" near the head of South River, being the plantation where Capt. George Bell now lives, within 8 miles of 4 warehouses (Indian Landing, Howard's Point, Taylor's Landing and Queen Anne); land lying on Elk Ridge, adjoining Alexander Warfield, Rev. Mr. James M'Gill and William Coates, where William Thomas Benson now lives; and "Gander's Delight" near the mouth of Monochasy in Frederick County, adjoining the Manor of Charles Carroll, lying near Capt. William Griffith's and Garret Davis'. - Thursday, 16 July, 1752, No. 377. pg. 176 = Michael Coats in Prince George' County, has a stray horse at his plantation. - Thursday, 27 May 1756, No. 577. >

These letters are from and to John Reynell Coates, son of Samuel Coates and Lydia Saunders. He was a lawyer who helped settle Penn's estates. At 04:18 PM 7/21/2005, Charlotte Coats wrote: >http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/pa/1pa/history/local/ss18/pass18-7.txt > >Letter from John R. Coates > > . > > Phila., July 22, 1801. > > Gentlemen: > > A Letter from your Secretary, dated 24 Ult'o., came to hand the day > before yesterday. I regret extremely that the want of further > information should be found necessary for the adjustment of the > Proprietary Concerns in Luzerne; It has been out of my power to discover > any other Record in the Land Office, or elsewhere, than those which I > left Gen'l Irwine, in possession of when I was at Wilkesbarre last fall. > They consisted of 1st, A List of Persons who had agreed to purchase > Lands in the Manors of Stoke and Sunbury (which List exhibited the Nos. > of the different Allotments, the price to be given and the quantity of > ground; and 2dly, A large Draught, an Office Copy of the two manors in > question, with the divisions, Which corresponded with the above > mentioned List of persons who contracted in 1771 at Easton. > > This Draught I requested Gen'l Irwine to deliver to Thomas Duncan, > Esq'r., at Carlisle; he may have done so, and, in that case, I have > written to that Gentleman, Who will forward it to you, if it is in his > keeping. If not, I presume you now have it. If my attendance at > Wilkesbarre could advance the objects of your mission, or promote the > Interest of my Constituents, I would immediately set off; or if you know > of any particular information or document likely to be serviceable I > will immediately procure them, if possible. > > I am, Sir, > > Very respectfully, > > Y'r. Friend, &c., > > JOHN R. COATES. > >***************************** > >Letter from John R. Coates. > > Philad., Aug't. 19, 1801. > > Gentlemen: > > I attended as soon as possible to procure such docum'ts as your last > letter informed me were necessary for you. It is impossible for me to > wait personally on you, nor do I think it will be deemed necessary, > after the Rec't of the Package in which this is enclosed. I believe that > the papers now sent will afford all the elucidation which you require, > and all which I have been able to obtain. > > I remain, Sir, very respectf'y., > > Your mos. Ob. Servant, > > JOHN R. COATES. > > When you have no further use for the Draught & List I will be obliged by > y'r ret'ng them. > >******************* > >Letter from John R. Coates. > > Carlisle, July 5th, 1804. > > Sir: The Secretary of the land office informed me that it > ><373> PENNSYLVANIA CLAIMANTS. > > was probable the Certificates were made out for the Luzerne lands > belonging to the late proprietaries. I am induced to send an express to > you in hopes the papers may be in your possession; if they are at > Wilkesbarre, be so good as to direct the Messenger on whom to call > there. If they are not all made out I will thank you for as many as are; > my reason for Sending at this time is that I may call at Lancaster when > I return to Philadelphia. > > I am, Sir, respectfully, > > Your Most obed't. Serv't., > > JOHN R. COATES, > > Att'y. in fact for J. & R. Penn, Esq'r. > > Thomas Cooper, Esq'r., Sunbury. >******************* > >Letter from John R. Coates. > > Philadelphia, July 9, 1804. > > Sir: I lately sent an express to you at Sunbury, but you must have left > that place before his arrival. I heard of your coming to Philad'a. & > hastened from Carlisle that I might see you before your departure. > > If I do not succeed in meeting with you, be good enough to leave a line > at Tomlinson's Bar, informing me whether the Certificates for the > Proprietaries land in Luzerne have been made out. And if so where they > are and how I am to obtain them? By taking this trouble you will greatly > oblige, Sir, respectfully, > > Your mo. obed't. Serv't., > > JOHN R. COATES, > > Att'y. for J. & R. Penn. > > T. Cooper, Esq'r. >********************* > > > >==== COATES Mailing List ==== >Coates, Coate, Coats Digital Archive: >http://www.rootsquest.com/~coatsfar > LINDA COATE, Columbus, Ohio [email protected] www.ancestrees.com

The members of this group might want to consider doing more 25 and 37 marker tests....considering at 37 there was a major disconnect with this group in the past.... All you need to do is click on your home page and then order additional tests...no new swab needed.... Char

Well, we got another match to Marms group....I don't know, apparently they are the only ones doing research....:) http://www.coatsarchive.us/dna.htm Linked to the kit number the family tree at rootsweb..... I've linked it as William Coats w Frances Mary Green...but I gotta tell ya...I don't think the doucmentation is there for this...I think probably the earliest documentation is going to be out of IN....so if you want that changed let me know... Char

http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/pa/1pa/history/local/ss18/pass18-10.txt Mr. Cooper to John R. Coates. August 19, 1803. John R. Coates, Esq'r.: Sir: The Commissioners here will thank you for early information on the following Subject, in which the proprietary Estate is interested. Nos. 34 and 35, in the Manor of Stoke, sold in 1772 to George and Martin Ryerson, under agreem'ts executed as per the official copy transmitted to us, has been released to the State by first the proprietors, 2 by the heirs of Charles Stewart, deceased, and is also claimed 3dly by M'rs. Kerr, under a Deed of 1774 from Thomas Lowrey, who has paid the money. How much has been paid, and whom do you consider entitled? I am, in Behalf of myself & the other Comm'rs, Yours, &c., THOMAS COOPER. ************************** Thomas Sambourne to John R. Coates. July 21, 1804. Sir: D'r. Rose requested that I would give him some Intelligence with Respect to the Proprietor's Manors in this County, released to the State. I know of no Difficulty at present. But with regard to your Manors of Stoke and Sunbury, it will be necessary for you forthwith to send to the Commissioners a list of all such persons who you Acknowledge to have titles under you in those Manors, that we may make their Certificates out for such parts as they have released; the sooner this is done the better, as the Commissioners wish to close the Business this Summer. I am, Sir, Your M'o. Ob., THOMAS SAMBOURNE. John R. Coates, Esq'r. ************************* <510> LETTERS FROM THE Mr. Cooper to John R. Coates. August 1, 1804. Sir: Herewith I send you a Copy of the Observations I have to make on the release of M'r. Penn. The paper will sufficiently explain itself, and I transmit it thus early that you may have time to clear up the Difficulties before the Board of Property when the Certificates are delivered there. I mean of course to be understood as at liberty to make any further Remark that may occur. The Certificates will not be ready till the Beginning of Winter, I am, Sir, Your obed't. Servant, THOMAS COOPER.

http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/pa/1pa/history/local/ss18/pass18-7.txt Letter from John R. Coates . Phila., July 22, 1801. Gentlemen: A Letter from your Secretary, dated 24 Ult'o., came to hand the day before yesterday. I regret extremely that the want of further information should be found necessary for the adjustment of the Proprietary Concerns in Luzerne; It has been out of my power to discover any other Record in the Land Office, or elsewhere, than those which I left Gen'l Irwine, in possession of when I was at Wilkesbarre last fall. They consisted of 1st, A List of Persons who had agreed to purchase Lands in the Manors of Stoke and Sunbury (which List exhibited the Nos. of the different Allotments, the price to be given and the quantity of ground; and 2dly, A large Draught, an Office Copy of the two manors in question, with the divisions, Which corresponded with the above mentioned List of persons who contracted in 1771 at Easton. This Draught I requested Gen'l Irwine to deliver to Thomas Duncan, Esq'r., at Carlisle; he may have done so, and, in that case, I have written to that Gentleman, Who will forward it to you, if it is in his keeping. If not, I presume you now have it. If my attendance at Wilkesbarre could advance the objects of your mission, or promote the Interest of my Constituents, I would immediately set off; or if you know of any particular information or document likely to be serviceable I will immediately procure them, if possible. I am, Sir, Very respectfully, Y'r. Friend, &c., JOHN R. COATES. ***************************** Letter from John R. Coates. Philad., Aug't. 19, 1801. Gentlemen: I attended as soon as possible to procure such docum'ts as your last letter informed me were necessary for you. It is impossible for me to wait personally on you, nor do I think it will be deemed necessary, after the Rec't of the Package in which this is enclosed. I believe that the papers now sent will afford all the elucidation which you require, and all which I have been able to obtain. I remain, Sir, very respectf'y., Your mos. Ob. Servant, JOHN R. COATES. When you have no further use for the Draught & List I will be obliged by y'r ret'ng them. ******************* Letter from John R. Coates. Carlisle, July 5th, 1804. Sir: The Secretary of the land office informed me that it <373> PENNSYLVANIA CLAIMANTS. was probable the Certificates were made out for the Luzerne lands belonging to the late proprietaries. I am induced to send an express to you in hopes the papers may be in your possession; if they are at Wilkesbarre, be so good as to direct the Messenger on whom to call there. If they are not all made out I will thank you for as many as are; my reason for Sending at this time is that I may call at Lancaster when I return to Philadelphia. I am, Sir, respectfully, Your Most obed't. Serv't., JOHN R. COATES, Att'y. in fact for J. & R. Penn, Esq'r. Thomas Cooper, Esq'r., Sunbury. ******************* Letter from John R. Coates. Philadelphia, July 9, 1804. Sir: I lately sent an express to you at Sunbury, but you must have left that place before his arrival. I heard of your coming to Philad'a. & hastened from Carlisle that I might see you before your departure. If I do not succeed in meeting with you, be good enough to leave a line at Tomlinson's Bar, informing me whether the Certificates for the Proprietaries land in Luzerne have been made out. And if so where they are and how I am to obtain them? By taking this trouble you will greatly oblige, Sir, respectfully, Your mo. obed't. Serv't., JOHN R. COATES, Att'y. for J. & R. Penn. T. Cooper, Esq'r. *********************

Coates, John R., letters from, 343, 346, 372, 374 letters to, 499, 509, 510 http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/pa/1pa/paarchivesseries/series2/vol18/paarch2-18toc.html Pennsylvania Archives Second Series. VOL. XVIII. Edited by William Henry Egle, M. D. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: E. K. Meyers, State Printer, 1893. DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE CONNECTICUT SETTLEMENT IN THE WYOMING VALLEY.

http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/pa/philadelphia/church/2dpresby01.txt http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/pa/philadelphia/church/3dpresby01.txt

1809,March 23 Coates, Benjamin, and Elizabeth Ivister. 1792, Nov. 29 Coates, Ruth, and William Elliot. Pennsylvania Archives. Second Series. Vol. IX. Published under direction of Matthew S. Quay, Secretary of the Commonwealth. Edited by John B. Linn and Wm. H. Egle, M.D. Harrisburg: Lane S. Hart, State Printer, 1880. "Marriage Record of St. James' Episcopal Church, Perkomen, Montgomery County. 1788 - 1810," page 165-179.

1786, May 31, Coots, Margaret, and Thomas Ruggles. MARRIAGE RECORD OF THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, AT CARLISLE. 1785-1812.

1763, June 9, Coates, John Henry, and Mary Robins. 1783, Jan. 20, Coates, William, and Mary Powel. 1794, Oct. 6, Coates, William, and Sarah Worrell. 1780, March 27, Coats, Grace, and George Litzenberg. 1777, Feb. 6, Coats, Lindsay, and Rachel Hollesten. 1780, Aug. 11, Coats, Mary, and Thomas Adams. 1789, July 9, Coats, Samuel, and Rebecca Brooks. 1756, Dec. 13, Coats, Susannah, and Thomas King. RECORD OF PENNSYLVANIA MARRIAGES, PRIOR TO 1810. Volume I. Clarence M. Busch. State Printer of Pennsylvania, 1895. Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series, Volume 8. [Page numbers shown in brackets in bold print.] [Listing is as shown in this volume. Listings are NOT always alphabetical.] MARRIAGE RECORD OF THE SWEDES' CHURCH, (GLORIA DEI.) 1750-1810.

RECORD OF PENNSYLVANIA MARRIAGES, PRIOR TO 1810. Volume I. Clarence M. Busch. State Printer of Pennsylvania. 1895. Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series, Volume 8. [Page numbers will be in brackets in bold print.] [5] MARRIAGES RECORDED BY THE REGISTRAR GENERAL OF THE PROVINCE. 1685 — 1689, [In volume II of this series of Archives are contained such records of marriage licenses, issued by the Provincial authorities, as were found in the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth. Since then, the following paper has come into the hands of the Editors, which affords a fitting preface to the marriage records forming this and the succeeding volume. To the historian and the genealogist, as well as to the people of the State generally, these records will be of great value, and appreciated accordingly.] 1750, June 7, Coates, Abraham, and Susannah Wallace. 1765, Oct. 26, Coates, Alice, and John Landale, Jr. 1780, April 20, Coates, Eliz., and Anthony Butler. 1788, Aug. 4, Coates, Isaac, and Mary Eyres. 1806, Jnne 5, Coates, John, and Mary Apple. 1803, Oct. 9, Coates, Mary, and Nicholas Leuseur. 1796, May 18, Coates, Mary, and. Thomas Robinson. 1731, Oct 26, Coates, Mary, and Nicholas Crone. 1774, Sept. 7, Uoates, Mary, and Robert Cummings. 1771, Oct. 12, Coates, Sarah, and George Moxon. 1793, Sept. 5, Coates, Sarah, and Sampson Levy. 1779, March 9, Coates, Thomas, and Mary Parrish. 1755, Aug. 14, Coates, Thomas, and Marcy Rachford. 1752, March 30, Coates, Thomas, and Susannah Chandler. 1771, March 2, Coates, Thomas, and Mary Allen. 1777, May 11, Coates, Warwick, and Sarah Kelly. 1775, May 11, Coates, William, and Jane Dupuy. 1735, Nov. 10, Coats, Anne, and Henry Goodwin. 1735, Feb. 18, Coats, Daniel, and Mary Lindsey. 1711, June 16, Coats, John, and Mary Ball. 1738, Aug. 17, Coats, John, and Sarah Elford. 1765, April 13, Coats, Lindsay, and Ruth Hughs. 1747, Jan. 4, Coats, Martha, and William Sheed. 1750, April 3, Coats, Mary, and Riehiost Alberton. 1745, July 6, Coats, Raehel, and Benjamin Hartley. 1731, Oct. 21, Coats, Sarah, and Thomas Penrose. 1758, May 27, Coatum, Mary, and Thomas Leech.

1785, April 14, Coate, Elizabeth, and Daniel DeBenneville. 1790, Nov. 15, Coates, Elizabeth, and Benjamin Sweeten. 1796, April 28, Coates, John, and Diodema Griffith. 1801, Oct. 6, Coates, Mary, and Charles Moore. source: RECORD OF PENNSYLVANIA MARRIAGES, PRIOR TO 1810. Volume I. Clarence M. Busch. State Printer of Pennsylvania, 1895. Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series, Volume 8. [Page numbers shown in brackets in bold print.] [Listing is as shown in this volume. Listings are NOT always alphabetical.] MARRIAGE RECORD OF THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, PHILADELPHIA, 1761-1803.

PENNSYLVANIA ARCHIVES SECOND SERIES Published under direction of MATTHEW S. QUAY Secretary of the Commonwealth Edited by John B. Linn and Wm. H. Egle, MD Vol II 6 Nov 1765 Coates, Alice, and John Langdale Mar 1747 Coates, Hannah, and Richard Dennis 8 Sept 1770 Coates, Hester, and Alexander Rickey 7 Nov 1771 Coates, Jonathan, and Jane Stinson 23 Aug 1774 Coates, Mary, and Paine Newman 7 Sept 1774 Coates, Mary, and Robert Cumming 9 Jan 1771 Coates, Susannah, and Joseph Gladan 2 Mar 1771 Coates, Thomas, and Mary Allen 11 May 1775 Coates, William, and Jane Dupice 30 Dec 1769 Coatham, Mary, and John Savadge 3 Oct 1767 Coat, Hannah, and John Fromberger Oct 1746 Coats, Buleah, and William Clark 1 May 1765 Coats, Lindsay, and Ruth Hughes Jan 1747 Coats, Martha, and William Sheed 13 Aug 1762 Coats, Mary, and Thomas Plumsted 9 Oct 1764 Coats, William, and Martha Davis 2 Nov 1762 Coats, William, and Susannah Loupler

----Original Message Follows---- From: Peter Kurilecz <[email protected]> Reply-To: Peter Kurilecz <[email protected]> To: [email protected] Subject: Re: [ARCHIVES] Keeping user info Date: Wed, 20 Jul 2005 15:17:54 -0400 On 7/20/05, Jonah McAllister-Erickson <[email protected]> wrote: > Patron records at archives do not differ in terms of the Patriot Act. > The same could be said for correspondence and agreements with donors. > They are all subject to warrantless searches under the Patriot Act. > http://www.archivists.org/saagroups/mss/fall2003.html#2 in actuality the Feds seek a federal order/warrant for the production of the records see these two links Patriot Act Section 215 is the relevant section http://www.epic.org/privacy/terrorism/hr3162.html Viet Dinh (one of the Act's authors) in an interview in Wired magazine stated; "Section 215 only follows the long-standing practice of (allowing) criminal investigators to be able to seek business records that are relevant to criminal investigations. Section 215 gives the same power to national security investigators in order to seek the same records with very important safeguards. First, a judge has to approve such orders, not simply a clerk of the court, as in ordinary criminal investigations. Second, the Department of Justice is under a statutory obligation in section 215 to report to Congress once every six months on the manner and the number of times it has used that section. And third, it calls for special protection by requiring that the FBI not target an investigation based solely on First Amendment activities." http://wired-vig.wired.com/news/print/0,1294,62388,00.html -- Peter Kurilecz Richmond, Va